IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - November 2021 - 42

Resource Consumption of a Hybrid Bundle Retransmission Approach on Deep-Space Communication Channels
total amount of data transmission required for successful
file delivery is much less. For example, as discussed with
Figure 4, the total amount of data for the hybrid approach
is less than 30% of the proactive approach. As each byte
of the data takes EB Joules of energy for transmission,
total energy consumed for the entire file delivery is proportional
to the total amount of data transmitted. In other
words, the larger the total amount of data sent, the larger
the amount energy consumed at the sender. That is why,
as illustrated in Figure 7, the hybrid approach takes significantly
less energy in successful file delivery regardless of
bundle size. In summary, the hybrid approach is significantly
more energy-efficient than the proactive approach
for file delivery in deep-space networking.
Note that increasing the RTO timer for the proactive
transmission approach could improve its performance and
even make it close or equal to that of the hybrid approach.
However, that would reduce the number of transmission
attempts predetermined for the proactive approach and as
a result, the transmission reliability (i.e., nearly 100% file
delivery) cannot be achieved.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
In this article, a hybrid BP retransmission approach is studied
by means of file transfer experiments using a PC-based
testbed, with focus on transmission overhead and energy
resource consumption with respect to the file size and RTO
timer length for reliable file delivery in deep-space communications.
It is found that regardless of the bundle length,
the transmission overhead decreases exponentially with the
increasing timer lengths. The experimental results indicate
that configuring the RTO timer length to be equal to a half
ofthe RTT interval leads to the least transmission overhead
for successful file delivery. For a given RTO timer length
configured during the proactive retransmission phase, with
increasing bundle size the transmission overhead and total
amount of data transmitted show significant increase for
the proactive approach ofBP while increase for the hybrid
approach of BP is minor. The corresponding energy consumption
for file transfer for both transmission approaches
varies in the same way: the hybrid retransmission approach
consumes significantly less energy than the proactive
approach regardless of bundle size. Therefore, it is concluded
that the hybrid approach ofBP is significantly more
energy-efficient than the proactive approach for reliable
file delivery in deep-space communication networks.
FUTURE WORK
The numerical results presented in this article are collected
from the experimental work done using a PC-based
testbed infrastructure. The experimental results may vary
slightly depending on different hardware setup and software/operating
system adopted for the testbed, which may
42
lead to some changes to the conclusions. Therefore, as the
major future work, analytical models may be built to analyze
the resource consumption and transmission overhead
of the transmission approach to verify the experimental
results and conclusions drawn in this article.
REFERENCES
[1] J. Jiao, Q. Guo, and Q. Zhang, " Packets interleaving
CCSDS file delivery protocol in deep space
communication, " IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag.,
vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 5-11, Feb. 2011.
[2] M. De Sanctis, T. Rossi, M. Lucente, M. Ruggieri, and D.
Mortari, " Space system architectures for interplanetary
internet, " in Proc. IEEE Aerosp. Conf ., Big Sky, MT,
USA, Mar. 2010, pp. 6-13.
[3] T. Rossi, M.De Sanctis, E. Cianca, C. Fragale, M. Ruggieri,
and H. Fenech, " Future space-based communications infrastructures
based on high throughput satellites and software
defined networking, " in Proc. 1st IEEE Int. Symp. Syst.
Eng. Conf., Rome, Italy, Sep. 29-30, 2015, pp. 332-337.
[4] M.DeSanctis,T.Rossi, M.Lucente, M.Ruggieri, D.
Mortari, and D. Izzo, " Flower constellation of orbiters for
martian communication, " in Proc. IEEE Aerosp. Conf.,
Big Sky, MT, USA, Mar. 3-10, 2007, pp. 1-11.
[5] I. Bisio, C. Garibotto, F. Lavagetto, A. Sciarrone, and S.
Zappatore, " Blind detection: Advanced techniques for
wifi-based drone surveillance, " IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.,
vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 938-946, Jan. 2019.
[6] S. Burleigh et al., " Delay-tolerant networking: An
approach to inter-planetary internet, " IEEE Commun.
Mag., vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 128-136, Jun. 2003.
[7] R. Wang, T. Taleb, A. Jamalipour, and B. Sun, " Protocols
for reliable data transport in space internet, " IEEE Commun.
Surv. Tut., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 21-32, Apr.-Jun. 2009.
[8] G. Araniti, I. Bisio, and M. De Sanctis, " Towards the reliable
and efficient interplanetary internet: A survey of possible
advanced networking and communications
solutions, " in Proc. 1st Int. Conf. Adv. Satell. Space Commun.,
Colmar, France, 2009, pp. 30-34.
[9] I. Bisio, G. Araniti, and M. De Sanctis, " Interplanetary networks:
Architectural analysis, technical challenges and solutions
overview, " in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun.,Cape
Town, South Africa, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[10] The Space Internetworking Strategy Group (SISG),
" Recommendations on a strategy for space internetworking, "
The Interagency Operations Advisory Group
(IOAG), NASA Headquarters, WA, DC, USA, Rep.
IOAG.T.RC.002.V1, Aug. 2010. [Online]. Available:
http://cwe.ccsds.org/sis/docs/SIS%20Area/SOLAR%
20SYSTEM%20INTERNET/SISG%20Phase%20I%
20report%20%E2%80%93%20final.pdf
[11] K. Scott and S. Burleigh, " Bundle protocol specification, "
IETF Request for Comments RFC 5050, Nov. 2007.
[Online]. Available: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5050.txt
IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
NOVEMBER 2021

http://cwe.ccsds.org/sis/docs/SIS%20Area/SOLAR% 20SYSTEM%20INTERNET/SISG%20Phase%20I% 20report%20%E2%80%93%20final.pdf http://cwe.ccsds.org/sis/docs/SIS%20Area/SOLAR% 20SYSTEM%20INTERNET/SISG%20Phase%20I% 20report%20%E2%80%93%20final.pdf http://cwe.ccsds.org/sis/docs/SIS%20Area/SOLAR% 20SYSTEM%20INTERNET/SISG%20Phase%20I% 20report%20%E2%80%93%20final.pdf http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5050.txt

IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - November 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - November 2021