IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 20

Noise Radar-Overview and Recent Developments
Modern design techniques can address the dynamic
range issue and allow practical systems to be built using
NRT, which can exploit its strengths.
Recent work, much of it supported by NATO
Research Technology Groups, has led to the building and
testing of demonstration systems that can match the performance of low-power radar systems such as small
marine radars. The testing of these demonstrators has
shown that the issues involved in building a noise radar
with such a sensitivity are understood, which has paved
the way to their full-scale development.
The process of testing these radars focused attention
on the fact that the characterization of noise radars
requires some techniques that are different from those
used for DRT. These issues will be addressed in a systematic manner in future work.
Although this article has not discussed ECCM
measurements, the radars described provide suitable
systems for experiments to look at this important aspect
of NRT.
A final point to note is that a large amount of work has
been accomplished with modest resources by the members
of the NATO groups, particularly the most recent,
SET-225, working very well together to share knowledge,
experience, and ideas.

[8] M. I. Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems. 3rd ed. New
York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 2001, pp. 195-196.
[9] C. Wasserzier and G. Galati, "On the efficient computation
of range and doppler data in noise radar," EuMA Int. J.
Microw. Wireless Technol., vol. 11, pp. 584-592,
Feb. 2019.
[10] Z. G. Shi, "Ambiguity function of direct chaotic radar
employing microwave chaotic Colpitts oscillator," Progr.
Electromagn. Res., vol. 77, pp. 1-14, Jan. 2007.
[11] J. E. Gentle, Random Number Generators and Monte
Carlo Methods. 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: Springer,
2003.
[12] Mersenne Twister, "A very fast random number generator
of period 219937-1," [Online]. Available: http://www.math.
sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/$m-mat/MT/emt.html.
[13] H. He, J. Li, and P. Stoica, Waveform Design for Active
Sensing Systems-A Computational Approach. Cambridge,
U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2012.
[14] K. Drouiche, "A new test for whiteness," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 1864-1871, Jul. 2000.
[15] F. De Palo and G. Galati, "Range sidelobes attenuation of
pseudorandom waveforms for civil radars," Proc. Eur.
Microw. Week EuRAD, Nuremberg, Germany, pp. 8-13,
Oct. 2017, doi: 10.23919/EURAD.2017.8249160.
[16] G. Galati and G. Pavan, "High resolution measurements
and characterization of urban, suburban and country clutter
at X-band and related radar calibration," in Proc. IEEE

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Konstantin A. Lukin and Sergii Lukin acknowledge partial
support of recent Ground-based Noise SAR design by the
SPS NATO Program under Grant G5465 and Grant G5395.
The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution to the work described in this paper by Noise Radar
Group at Warsaw University of Technology.

Conf. UWBUSIS, Sep. 2018, pp. 20-27.
[17] "The TRL scale as a research & innovation policy tool,"
EARTO Recommendations, Apr. 2014.
[18] D. Tarchi, K. Lukin, J. Fortuny-Guasch, A. Mogyla,
P. Vyplavin, and A. Sieber, "SAR imaging with noise
radar," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 46, no. 3,
pp. 1214-1225, Jul. 2010.
[19] K. A. Lukin, "Scanning antennae with beam synthesis,"
Radioelectronics, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 58-64, 2010.
[20] K. A. Lukin, A. G. Stove, K. Kulpa, D. Calugi,

REFERENCES

V. P. Palamarchuk, and P. L. Vyplavin, "Ka-band ground-

[1] B. M. Horton, "Noise-modulated distance measuring sys-

based noise SAR trials in various conditions," Appl. Radio

tem," IRE Proc., vol. 49, pp. 821-828, May 1959.
[2] C. E. Cook and M. Bernfeld, Radar Signals: An Introduction To Theory and Applications. Norwood, MA, USA:
Artech House, 1993.
[3] N. Levanon and E. Mozeson, Radar Signals. Hoboken, NJ,

Electron., vol. 12, pp. 145-151, 2013.
[21] A. G. Stove et al., "The NATO SET-184 noise radar trials," in Proc. Int Radar Symp., 2015, Paper 15.1.
[22] C. Wasserzier, A. G. Stove, and K. A. Lukin, "On noise
radar system verification," in Proc. Int. Radar Symp.,
2019, Paper 15.1.

USA: Wiley, 2004.
[4] A. De Martino, Introduction to Modern EW Systems.2nd
ed. Norwood, MA, USA: Artech House, 2018.

[23] K. Savci et al., "Trials of a noise-modulated radar demonstrator- first results in a marine environment," in Proc.

[5] G. Galati, G. Pavan, and F. De Palo, "Compatibility problems related with pulse-compression, solid-state marine
radars," IET Proc. Radar, Sonar Navigat., pp. 1-7, 2016.

20th Int. Radar Symp., Ulm, Germany, 2019, pp. 1-9.
[24] A. Ghazel, E. Boutillon, J. Danger, G. Gulak, and

[6] V. Cherniak, "On the concept of MIMO radar," in Proc.
IEEE Radar Conf., 2010, pp. 327-332.
[7] P. M. Woodward, Probability and Information Theory,
With Applications to Radar. London, U.K.: Pergamon
Press, 1953.

20

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

H. Laamari, "Design and performance analysis of a high
speed AWGN communication channel emulator," in Proc.
IEEE Pacific Rim Conf. Commun., Comput. Signal Process. (IEEE Cat. No. 01CH37233), Victoria, BC, Canada,
2001, pp. 374-377, vol. 2.

SEPTEMBER 2020


http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/∼m-mat/MT/emt.html http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/∼m-mat/MT/emt.html http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/∼m-mat/MT/emt.html

IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020

IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - Cover1
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - Cover2
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 1
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 2
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 3
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 4
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 5
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 6
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 7
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 8
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 9
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 10
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 11
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 12
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 13
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 14
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 15
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 16
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 17
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 18
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 19
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 20
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 21
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 22
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 23
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 24
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 25
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 26
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 27
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 28
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 29
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 30
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 31
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 32
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 33
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 34
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 35
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 36
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 37
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 38
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 39
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 40
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 41
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 42
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 43
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 44
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 45
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 46
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 47
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 48
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 49
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 50
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 51
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - 52
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - Cover3
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - September 2020 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_february2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_january2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2022_tutorial
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_february2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_january2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2021_tutorials
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_february2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_january2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_february2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_january2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2019partII
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2018
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com