The Bridge - Issue 3, 2021 - 11

Feature
Quality-of-Service Architecture for Cloud Computing Networking
the new label and the packet is forwarded to its next hop.
Consequently, the identity of the explicit path need not be
carried with the packet and dynamic routing algorithms
may be exploited.
Common architectural models approach QoS from
just a hardware or a software perspective [4,5].
Telecommunications modeling considers the design
rules for the transport layer network and the control
layer network. Data communications modeling uses
software to control hosts and routers in the protocol layer.
Consequently, the layer network architecture and the
protocol layer architecture address different aspects of the
QoS needs, but they are insufficient to provide the total
solution individually.
This work describes a systems engineering approach
for providing end-to-end service differentiation for an
internet protocol (IP) network. A model is proposed
that uses cloud computing networks and elements to
facilitate implementation within existing infrastructure.
This approach leads to a hybrid model that integrates
hardware and software features to provide quality of
service (QoS). The hybrid system model architecture is
designed to meet QoS requirements of individual data
flows while operating on flow aggregates. This model
defines service levels in terms of absolute or relative
guarantees on loss, delay, bandwidth, and burst size.
The needed data, control, and management paths of
networks and network elements are discussed, as
well as the associated traffic engineering protocols.
The conceptual model and the reference model for the
hybrid QoS system can be implemented easily with
existing networks.
II. BACKGROUND
IP networks are complex and multi-faceted. They
incorporate concepts that are rooted in both
telecommunication and data communication
technologies. With the market interest in transforming
IP networks from " best effort " to QoS aware, network
models from both areas are being explored as vehicles
for the needed network evolution. We contend that
neither model, in themselves, adequately address the
need for protocol layer separation and end-to-end QoS
assurances. A hybrid model can combine aspects of the
telecommunication model of layer networks and the data
communication model of protocol layering.
The telecommunication model of layer networks
describes the architecture of controlling and transmitting
data and the associated communication design rules.
The data communication model of protocol layering is
concerned primarily with the structure of software found
in hosts and routers that carry network data. These
models deal with complementary concepts of network
modeling and layering that are inherent in protocol design
and analysis.
A. Layer Network Architecture
The layer network architecture consists of two-layer
networks partitioned into one or more regions called
sublayers. Currently the International Telecommunications
Union (ITU) has defined the transport and control layer
networks [6]. The transport layer network consists of the
characteristic information transfer defined as the data
plane flow. The control layer network consists of the
control of the characteristic information transfer.
The transport layer network is comprised of the generic
architectural elements and the data path that they
form. The functionality provided by the layer network
architecture consists primarily of termination, connection,
and adaptation functions. The termination function
provides the functionality of terminating and processing of
the characteristic information in a layer.
The connection function provides protocol layer
interconnection. The modification between the
termination function and the connection layer function
is defined by the adaptation function. The adaptation
function provides adaptation between the lower-layer
functions and the upper-layer functions.
The control layer network is comprised of the generic
architectural aspects of element control. Element
control is responsible for control of the transport layer
configuration and maintenance.
B. Protocol Layer Architecture
Data communications also has a layering approach called
protocol layering. Data communications advances have
been targeted at the protocol layers, which are mostly
software, until recently. The need for multi-protocol
processing and processing at wire speed has been
causing some concerns in the data communications
community. Multi-protocol means that several different
protocols, at various layers of the protocol stack, must
be processed simultaneously. Until the last few years,
almost all protocol processing was performed in
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