IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q2 2018 - 82

If somebody wants to play with a CNN platform or
embed it to an industrial application today, the SPS02
[3] is the easiest accessible device to acquire and use.

(a)

(b)

Figure 7. the Bi-i (right) detects bullet (left) before it hits the
apple.

Array Size

Besides the 128 # 128 sized optical input of the CNN
chip, the Bi-i contained a megapixel CMOS sensor as
well, for capturing high resolution images. When the
high resolution sensor was used, the CNN chip was used
as a foveal co-processor, processing the critical parts of
the captured large images. The Bi-i won the product of
the year prize of the Vision 2003 industrial fair in Stuttgart, Germany.

Product of the
Year (Vision
2003 Stuttgart)

V. CNN Chip Families
From application point of view, the most important elements of the CNN technology were always the chips.
The very advantages features of these chips are, that
they can reach ultra-high processing speed (visual decisions). Moreover, unlike mainstream digital processors,
their scaling was a straightforward option. (Scaling
means here to increase the size of the processed image.)
The first programmable chips were developed in Berkeley in prof. Chua's laboratory. These chips contained
less than 200 cells, and did not have optical inputs. The
first of them was completed in 1994, and it was a binaryinput binary-output discrete time CNN Universal chip
[12], while the second could handle grayscale images
already [8] (Fig. 8)
The larger chips belongs to chip families, depending on the groups they were designed by. These groups
are located (i) Seville, Spain, (ii) Helsinki-Turku, Finland,

Bi-i
ACE16k
[16]
128 × 128
2003

SCAMP-5 [22]
256 × 256
2012
Q-Eye [18]
176 × 144
2008

Flip-Q
176 × 144
2010
Kova [20]
96 × 96
2013
(with SCAMP)

ARAM
64 × 34
1998
ACE4k
64 × 64
1999

ACE400
[12]
20 × 22
1995

[10]
12 × 12
1994

[14]
48 × 48
1997

[13]
14 × 14
1995

Xenon
[23]
64 × 64
Digital
2007

MIPA
[19]
64 × 64
2009
(with Kova)
Toshiba Teli
SPS02 [3]
(with Q-Eye)

CNN Chip Prot. System
(CCPS)

Eye-RIS
(with Q-Eye)

Year
Figure 8. the roadmap of the programmable CNN chips with the photo of their chief designers. Due to the limited space, not all
the families, and not all the chips are shown.

82

IEEE CIrCuItS aND SyStEmS magazINE

SECOND quartEr 2018



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q2 2018

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