IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q3 2019 - 26

spacing between the fz and the communication band.
Thus the communication channel is defined from 20 to
120 kHz, well below fz .
For the required output power and voltage an output
load R L of 30 X is needed. Using equation (1) the normalized load Q L can be calculated to 1.03 which ensures, according to Fig. 2, an inductive behavior of the inverter.
III. Power Transmission
A. System Design
The necessary power electronic components for a common IPT system are shown in Fig. 3. In this system the
DC voltage for the inverter is provided by a DC grid. The
digitally controlled full bridge inverter applies a square
wave voltage to the resonant circuit consisting of the
compensation and the primary inductor L 1 . In this system a series capacitor is used for the compensation on

L1+ L1- L2- L2+
AC

DC
L1
DC

AC
Inverter

L2

C1

C2

Comp.

Comp.

DC

Load

Rectifier

primary and secondary side. The resulting nearly sinusoidal current leads to an induced alternating voltage in
the secondary coil L 2 . This voltage is rectified by a passive diode rectifier and feeds the load. A capacitive filter
is selected to yield a constant output voltage.
B. Simulation
The IPT system is emulated in the simulation environment
LTSpice to verify the system. In Fig. 5(a) the switching process of the inverter is shown in detail. The signals are the
gate-source voltage of the first low-side U GS, LS1 and the
second low-side inverter MOSFET U GS, LS2 . Furthermore,
the output voltage of the inverter U W , with the designed
switching frequency of 500 kHz as well as its output current i W is shown. The current is negative at the beginning
of the switching process. This shows the required inductive behavior. The zero crossing of the current occurs simultaneously to the activation of the MOSFETs. Thus, a
minimum possible phase-angle for ZVS can be realized.
For an input voltage of 26 V and 22.5 W of input power,
a voltage of 24.7 V and a resulting power of 20.4 W could
be achieved at the output. This results in an efficiency h
of 90.4% without the controlling electronics, which are
not modeled in the simulation. These values are shown
in Fig. 6(a).
C System Performance
The demonstrator for the inductive power transfer is
shown and labeled in Fig.  4. In Fig.  5(b) the measured

Figure 3. Schematic overview of the IPT system.

pe

losco

Oscil

Testsetup
Control

Power
Coils

Secondary
Side

Current Clamp

Comm.
Electronic

dc
Voltage

Comm.
Electronic

Differential
Probe

Primary Side

Load
age
Volt ce
r
Sou

LAN + Power

Figure 4. Demonstrator setup of the IPT system.

26

IEEE CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

THIRD QUARTER 2019



IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q3 2019

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