IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q1 2020 - 29

Table XIII.
Summary and Recommendations.
BW

Target

In Term of FoM1

In Term of FoM2

5
KHz

Minimum
Noise

CR-TIA

RIC-TIA

CR-RGC-TIA

InvCas-TIA

Minimum
Power

InvCas-TIA

CR-TIA

RIC-TIA

Minimum
Noise

InvCas-TIA

RGC-TIA

RIC-TIA

CG-TIA, Inv-TIA

Minimum
Power

RGC-TIA

RIC-TIA, InvCas-TIA

CG-TIA

100
MHz

of the current reuse topologies is the least at low BW.
Thus, if the CR-TIA or the CR-RGC-TIA is the designer's
choice, it is suggested to optimize for minimum noise
performance to get a reasonable dynamic range.
The CG-TIA and RGC-TIA are the least preferred options for the low BW applications because they become
more difficult to realize and require nA biasing current
as R D increases. Therefore, transistors have to operate
in sub-threshold region which requires certain considerations, more accurate CAD models, and further fabrication trials to produce more reliable results.
In contrast, the study suggests that the CG-TIA and
the RGC-TIA show great performance at higher BW especially when the main target is to minimize the power consumption. RGC-TIA can achieve high effective transconductance hence, high GBW at low power consumption.
In the context of the previous results, recommendations on what topology to use according to the required
aspects are summarized in table XIII. The CG-TIA and RGCTIA are not considered in the 5 KHz section of the following recommendation table because their extremely low
power consumption would outshine their counterparts.
Ahmed Atef received his B.Sc degree
from Sohag University, Egypt in 2013
(Honor degree) and his M. Sc degree
from Assiut University in 2017. During his
M. Sc study, he designed high sensitivity
CMOS optical receiver front ends that
are suitable for Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), PPG
signal detection, and pulse oximetery. He also received a
scholarship from Shanghai Jiao Tong University where he
designed, taped-out and measured CMOS chips for optical based biomedical signals sensing. He is now pursuing
his Ph.D. degree in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of British Columbia,
Canada. His major research interests include CMOS optical receivers and CMOS-Silicon Photonics co-integration.
FIRST QUARTER 2020

Mohamed Atef received the B.Sc. and
M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering,
electronics and communications from
Assiut University, Egypt, in 2000 and
2005, respectively. From 2006 to 2007,
he got a research scholarship at the
Czech Technical University in Prague, Department of Microelectronics, working on the improvement of quantum
dot optical properties. He received his Ph.D. in 2010
from Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Electrodynamics, Microwave and Circuit Engineering, and
then worked as a post-doctoral researcher until the end
of 2012. He visited the School of Microelectronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, from 2015 to 2017. Mohamed Atef is an Associate Professor at Assiut University, Egypt since 2016. His research interests are in the
areas of optoelectronic integrated circuits, and biomedical circuits and system. He is an author of two Springer
books, "Optical Communication over Plastic Optical Fibers: Integrated Optical Receiver Technology" and "Optoelectronic Circuits in Nanometer CMOS Technology".
Furthermore, he is an author and co-author of more
than 75 scientific publications. Mohamed Atef served as
a TPC member in many IEEE conferences and as a guest
editor for TBioCAS and for Sensors Journal special issues. Since 2012, he has been a senior member of IEEE
and received the State Encouragement Award in advanced Technological Sciences for 2018.
Elsayed Esam M. Khaled is a professor
in Elec. Eng. Department, Engineering
Faculty, Assiut University and is currently in a sabbatical leave to work as the
dean of the Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sohag, Egypt. He
received B.Sc. and M.Sc. Degrees from Elec. Eng. Dept.,
Assiut University in 1976 and 1982 respectively. From
1976 to 1985 he worked as a demonstrator and teaching
assistant respectively in the same department. In 1985 to
1987 he was a research assistant at Concordia University,
Montreal, Canada where he pursued some Graduate
courses at McGill and Concordia Universities. He received his Ph.D. degree from Clarkson University, New
York, USA in 1992. From 1992 to 1993 he was a research
associate in the same university. In 1993 he holds a faculty member position in the Elec. Eng. Dept., Assiut University, Egypt. He worked as an Assistant professor in
Sultanate of Oman from 1998 to 2004. He was a Vice Dean
for students affairs, Engineering Faculty, Sohag University from 2008 to 2012 and Vice Dean for community services and environment affairs in 2008-2009 then he hold
the position of the Dean for the same faculty from 2012 to
2014. His publications are around 88 in international
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