IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q3 2020 - 42

Output
Voltage (V)

Input
Voltage (V)

the load. Meanwhile, smaller capacitors become feasible
at high frequencies, where the impedance of the microstrip is finite. As a result, the smallest capacitor is
placed closest to the power pin.
Alternatively, it is very common to have power planes
within the PCB, if the available technology has enough
layers. With power planes, only a via and a small microstrip are required to deliver power. This gives much

lower ac impedance compared to power traces. This setup
is shown in Fig. 11(d).
Fig. 11(e) shows the impedance of the power rail seen
from the load (ZV DD). Low values of ZV DD can reduce the
amplitude of the ripple. One way to suppress the effect
of routed power lines is to use a wide microstrip. Still,
power planes give better results, and reduce the number of required capacitors.

1
1

0.5
0

0

0.5

1

1.5

Length (l )

2

1

3

Backward Crosstalk
Forward Crosstalk

4

2

0.5

Distance (d )

0
0

0.5

1
1.5
Time (ns)

2
(a)

0.06
l Increases

0.02
0
-0.02

l Increases

-0.01

S31, S41 (dB)

0.5

Forward Crosstalk

-30
Backward
Crosstalk

-40
2

4
6
8
Frequency (GHz)
(c)

1
1.5
Time (ns)

2

0
0.5

-0.02

d Decreases

-0.04

d Decreases

-20
-30

-50
0

2

0

0.5

(b)

-40

1
1.5
Time (ns)

0.02

0

-10

10

0.05

0

Forward
Crosstalk (V)

-0.05

d Decreases

0.1

2

0

-20

-50
0

1
1.5
Time (ns)

0.05

0

-10

0.5

Backward
Crosstalk (S31)

Forward
Crosstalk (V)

0

0.15

Measured
10
20
30
Length (l ) (mm)
(d)

1
1.5
Time (ns)
-10

Forward
Crosstalk (S41)

0.04

Backward
Crosstalk (V)

Backward
Crosstalk (V)

0.08

40

l Increases

-20
-30

2

Measured

-40
-50
0

0.5
1
1.5
Distance (d ) (mm)
(e)

2

Figure 9. (a) A PCB with two lines in close proximity resulting in crosstalk. The paths of backward and forward crosstalk are also
shown. (b) Simulated results showing the effect of d and l on crosstalk. For backward crosstalk, l primarily affects the coupled
pulse width. The amplitude of the pulse is a weakly affected by l. The distance d primarily affects the coupled pulse amplitude. In
forward crosstalk, the amplitude is affecting by both l and d. (c) Measured backward and forward crosstalk versus frequency. (d)
Simulation of crosstalk amplitude for backward crosstalk showing inverse relationship with d, and no strong relationship to l. (e)
Simulation of crosstalk amplitude for forward crosstalk showing inverse relationship with d and l. PCB substrate RO-4350B, 20
mil thick. For Measurements l = 10 mm, and d = 0.5 mm. For simulations l = 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mm, and d = 0.12, 0.24, 0.48,
0.96, and 1.92 mm. Simulations are done using HFSS.

42 	

IEEE CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS MAGAZINE 		

THIRD QUARTER 2020



IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q3 2020

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