IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q1 2021 - 1

Circuits
and Systems
IEEE

MAGAZINE

Volume 21, Number 1

First Quarter 2021

Features

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Nonconventional Computer Arithmetic
Circuits, Systems and Applications
Leonel Sousa

Arithmetic plays a major role in a computer's performance and efficiency. Building
new computing platforms supported by the traditional binary arithmetic and siliconbased technologies to meet the requirements of today's applications is becoming
increasingly more challenging, regardless whether we consider embedded devices
or high-performance computers. As a result, a significant amount of research effort
has been devoted to the study of nonconventional number systems to investigate
more efficient arithmetic circuits and improved computer technologies to facilitate
the development of computational units that can meet the requirements of applications in emergent domains. This paper presents an overview of the state of the art in
nonconventional computer arithmetic. Several different alternative computing models
and emerging technologies are analyzed, such as nanotechnologies, superconductor devices, and biological- and quantum-based computing, and their applications to
multiple domains are discussed. A comprehensive approach is followed in a survey
of the logarithmic and residue number systems, the hyperdimensional and stochastic
computation models, and the arithmetic for quantum- and DNA-based computing
systems and techniques for approximate computing. Technologies, processors and
systems addressing these nonconventional computer arithmetic systems are also
reviewed, taking into consideration some of the most prominent applications, such
as deep learning or postquantum cryptography. In the end, some conclusions are
drawn, and directions for future research on nonconventional computer arithmetic
are discussed.

Survey on Vital Signs Detection Using
41 ARadar
Techniques and Processing With
FPGA Implementation

Ameen Bin Obadi, Ping Jack Soh, Omar Aldayel, Muataz Hameed Al-Doori,
Marco Mercuri, and Dominique Schreurs

This paper presents a survey of the state-of-the-art advances in human vital signs
detection using radar sensors, their integration and coexistence with communication
systems, and their issues in spectrum sharing. The focus of this survey is to review
the detection, monitoring, and tracking of vital signs, specifically the respiration rate
and heartbeat rate over the recent five years. It is observed that in line with technological advancements, a multitude of radar types operating in a diverse frequency
spectra have been introduced with different hardware implementations, considering
various detection scenarios, and applying multiple signal processing algorithms. The
aim of these researches varies, from enhancing the detection accuracy, improving
the processing speed, reducing the power consumption, simplifying the hardware
used, lowering implementation costs, and the combinations of them. Besides that,
this review also focuses on literature aimed at increasing the detection accuracy and
reducing the processing time using FPGAs, prior to benchmarking them against other
processing platforms. Finally, a perspective on the future of human vital signs detection using radar sensors concludes this review.

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCAS.2020.3046385

FIRST QUARTER 2021

IEEE CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

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IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q1 2021

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