IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q3 2021 - 79

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Zhenhao Ji1, Yu Tian1, Jifu Wang2, Mingyuan Ding1,
Haoxin Wang4, Yifan Chen3, Jiahao Wen3, Zitong Lan1,
Huiting Xu6, Manqin Zhong5, Yifei Shen1, Huayi Zhou1,
Yinghui Kuang2, and Chuan Zhang1, Senior Member, IEEE
1 LEADS of Southeast University, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory of
Southeast University, and Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing 211189, China
2 Chien-Shiung Wu College of Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
3 School of Transportation of Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
4 School of Automation of Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
5 School of Electrical Engineering of Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
6 School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering of Southeast University,
Nanjing 211189, China
Corresponding author: C. Zhang (email: chzhang@seu.edu.cn)
PCCR Based Wheelchair Control System
Abstract
Quadriplegia is an extremely serious disease. Due to the impaired
function of patients' limbs, it is difficult for them to move
freely by a wheelchair. This dilemma has become a huge obstacle
to the rehabilitation of the disabled, and meanwhile added
extra burden to society. To improve the quality of their lives, our
team designs a vision-controlled automatic wheelchair based
on the pupil center and cornea reflection (PCCR) technique. By
constructing a multi-sensor real-time intelligent control system,
the wheelchair
realizes eye-controlled movements and other
auxiliary functions such as emergency communication and
rollover alarm. Through continuous optimization of multiple versions,
a more intelligent, highly reliable, and low-cost wheelchair
is manufactured.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCAS.2021.3092568
Date of current version: 12 August 2021
THIRD QUARTER 2021
A
I. Introduction
ccording to the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical
Center (NSCISC), there are 240,000-337,000
people in the U.S. living with spinal cord injury
(SCI), a serious type of physical trauma, and 47% of them
are quadriplegic [1]. Compared with the average lifetime
cost $428,000 of a 25-year paraplegic patient, the cost
of a quadriplegic is up to $1,350,000 because of the special
care for the paralysis of both upper and lower limbs.
However, traditional wheelchairs could not satisfy quadriplegics'
basic needs to control movements without a
one-to-one nursing assistant. Our team focuses on designing
an automatic wheelchair for the unfortunate.
It should be noted how we make use of a handful of
signal generators and receivers on quadriplegic patients
IEEE CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
79
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IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q3 2021

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