IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q1 2022 - 53

The indoor and outdoor spectral masks under FCC
standards are demonstrated in Fig. 17, where the maximum
emission power spectral density should be below
-41.3 dBm/MHz [2]. Integrated UWB transceivers own
a series of advantages for accurate radar sensing and
efficient communications applications. First, the UWB
signal can be transmitted under the existing obstacles
in the environment. Second, UWB transceivers can ensure
a high data rate transmission to meet the need of
increasing user capacities. Third, centimeter-level ranging
precision can be supported by the wide bandwidth
of the UWB signal, resulting in a better spatial resolution
[27], [28]. Fourth, the small form factor and low power
consumption can be achieved. Fifth, UWB techniques
own the capability to resolve multi-path delay at the several-nanosecond
resolution, which can support accurate
short-range localization, communications, and sensing.
Sixth, UWB signals are immune to narrowband interferences
and multi-path effects in the environments. AdapRF_RX3
RF_RX1
tive
beamforming techniques can be applied for integrated
UWB TRX systems to further enhance the SNR and
suppress the effects of interferences [40].
Fig. 18 summarizes typical integrated wideband RF
transceiver designs for UWB communications, localization,
WBAN/ISM communications, and radar-based health
status monitoring. Fig. 18 also envisions the trend of the integrated
wideband transceiver development, which starts
from UWB front end on-chip, UWB communications system-on-chip
(SoC), UWB communications/localization SoC,
integrated wideband TRX for multimodal communications,
integrated UWB transceiver for multimodal radar-based
health sensing, to the next-generation integrated wideband
TRX SoC aiming at simultaneous multiband IoE communications
and multimodal radar sensing for IoE applications.
This section will discuss the operating modes of integrated
UWB transceivers for various kinds of applications such as
efficient communications, precise localization, and multimodal
radar sensing [32], [44], [54]-[72], [139]-[142].
RF_RX2
RF_RX4
IF3
IF1
IF2
IF4
60 GHz Transceiver IC
LO
Buffer
3-Way
6 Bit DAC
Power
Control
RF_TX1p
RF_TX1n
Peak
Detector
Temperature
Sensor
Frequency
Divider
SPI
60 GHz VCO (FLO)
SPI
IF1 IF2 IF3 IF4 Vtune
Divider Out:
FLO/16 and FLO/8192
Figure 15. Schematic of the FMCW radar for gesture recognitions [78] © 2016 IEEE.
FIRST QUARTER 2022
IEEE CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
53
Mux
Out
BPSK
Mux
LO
Buffer
LO
Buffer
Peak
Detector
Wilkinson
Power Splitter
6 Bit DAC
Power
Control
LO
Buffer
RF_TX2p
RF_TX2n

IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q1 2022

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