IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q2 2022 - 1

Circuits
and Systems
IEEE
MAGAZINE
Volume 22, Number 2
Second Quarter 2022
Features
6 A Survey on Neuromorphic Computing:
Models and Hardware
Amar Shrestha, Haowen Fang, Zaidao Mei,
Daniel Patrick Rider, Qing Wu, and Qinru Qiu
The explosion of " big data " applications imposes severe challenges of speed
and scalability on traditional computer systems. As the performance of traditional
Von Neumann machines is greatly hindered by the increasing performance gap
between CPU and memory ( " known as the memory wall " ), neuromorphic computing
systems have gained considerable attention. The biology-plausible computing
paradigm carries out computing by emulating the charging/discharging
process of neuron and synapse potential. The unique spike domain information
encoding enables asynchronous event driven computation and communication,
and hence has the potential for very high energy efficiency. This survey reviews
computing models and hardware platforms of existing neuromorphic computing
systems. Neuron and synapse models are first introduced, followed by the discussion
on how they will affect hardware design. Case studies of several representative
hardware platforms, including their architecture and software ecosystems, are
further presented. Lastly we present several future research directions.
©SHUTTERSTOCK.COM/DYSTOCK
36 The 21st Century Systems: An
Updated Vision of Continuous-Time
Fractional Models
IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine (ISSN 1531-636X)
(ICDMEN) is published quarterly by the Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Headquarters: 3
Park Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY, 10016-5997 USA.
Responsibility for the contents rests upon the authors and
not upon the IEEE, the Society, or its members. IEEE Service
Center (for orders, subscriptions, address changes): 445
Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Telephone: +1 732
981 0060, +1 800 678 4333. Individual copies: IEEE members
US$20.00 (first copy only), nonmembers US$189 per copy;
US$7.00 per member per year (included in Society fee)
for each member of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society.
Subscription rates available upon request. Copyright
and Reprint Permission: Abstracting is permitted with
credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy
beyond the limits of the U.S. Copyright law for private use
of patrons: 1) those post-1977 articles that carry a code
at the bottom of the first page, provided the per-copy fee
indicated in the code is paid through the Copyright Clearance
Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923; and
2) pre-1978 articles without fee. For other copying, reprint,
or republication permission, write to: Copyrights and
Permissions Department, IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes
Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Copyright © 2022 by the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All
rights reserved. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY,
and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address
changes to IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine, IEEE Operations
Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ, 08854 USA.
Printed in U.S.A.
Manuel Duarte Ortigueira and J. Tenreiro Machado
This paper presents the continuous-time fractional linear systems and their
main properties. Two particular classes of models are introduced: the fractional
autoregressive-moving average type and the tempered linear system. For both
classes, the computations of the impulse response, transfer function, and
frequency response are discussed. It is shown that such systems can have
integer and fractional components. From the integer component we deduce
the stability. The fractional order component is always stable. The initialcondition
problem is analyzed and it is verified that it depends on the structure
of the system. For a correct definition and backward compatibility with classic
systems, suitable fractional derivatives are also introduced. The GrünwaldLetnikov
and Liouville derivatives, as well as the corresponding tempered
versions, are formulated.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCAS.2022.3169854
SECOND QUARTER 2022
IEEE CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
1
http://www.SHUTTERSTOCK.COM/DYSTOCK
IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q2 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q2 2022
