IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q1 2023 - 55

X. Conclusions and Future Work
We considered the problem of simulating modern MPSoC
cooling circuits, that comprehend several heterogeneous
physic domains, possibly together on-chip thermal
policies. We showed that for an effective design of
the entire system, the analyst must be able to concentrate
sometimes on the chip, sometimes on the cooling
system, and sometimes on the compound. We pointed
out that the above requires a modeling framework capable
of scaling the model complexity based on the study
at hand, and that an enabling technology for this purpose
is provided by the EBM paradigm.
In a recent article we made the 3D-ICE simulator
capable of cooperating with EBM tools, namely in the
Modelica language, by exploiting the FMI standard
for co-simulation. In this article we complemented
our contribution with a tutorial on how to write Modelica
models for cooling circuit elements, illustrating
the underlying principles and providing convenient
examples. We also carried out laboratory validation
activities, the description of which we did not repeat
in this work.
To support our research, we have also initiated the
development of a Modelica library of cooling component
models. We hope that this library can become the
first nucleus of an ecosystem of simulation models for
modern cooling systems applied to MPSoCs and highpower
ICs in general. We also hope-or better, we set
as objective-that the availability of accurate, efficient,
flexible and scalable simulators will in turn enable the
creation and assessment of innovative control strategies
for optimal system operation. For this reason, as
said, we are releasing our library (that is being continuously
developed) as free software.
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial
support to perform this work in part by the ERC Consolidator
Grant COMPUSAPIEN under Grant 725657
and in part by the H 2020 Project TEXTAROSSA under
Grant 956831.
Federico Terraneo (Member,
IEEE)
received the M.Sc. degree in engineering
of computing systems from
the Politecnico di Milano, Italy, with
the thesis titled " Control Based Design
of OS Components, " and the Research
Ph.D. degree in information technology with
the thesis titled " Thermal and Energy Management
Techniques for Multi-Core and Manycore Systems. "
Since 2008, he has been an original designer, a main
FIRST QUARTER 2023
developer, and a maintainer of Miosix (http://miosix.
org), an operating system kernel targeting microcontroller-based
embedded systems. He is currently an
Assistant Professor at the Politecnico di Milano. His
current research line focuses on thermal management
for microprocessor-based computing systems
and improving time determinism of distributed embedded
systems. He has multidisciplinary research
interests, including embedded systems and operating
systems, with a lively interest in designing hardware
and software components applying a control-theoretical
methodology.
Alberto Leva (Member, IEEE) received
the Laurea degree (summa cum laude)
in electronic engineering from the
Politecnico di Milano, Italy, in 1989.
In 1991, he joined the Dipartimeto di
Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria,
Politecnico di Milano, where he is currently a Professor
of automatic control. His main research interests
concern methods and tools for the automatic tuning of
industrial controllers and control structures, process
modeling, simulation, and control, particularly within
the object-oriented paradigm, object-oriented modeling
and control of energy systems with particular reference
to large grids, and advanced tools and methods
for control education. In recent years, he has been concentrating
on control and control-based design of computing
systems, addressing in a system- and controltheoretical
manner problems like scheduling, resource
allocation, time synchronization in wireless sensor networks,
thermal and power/performance management,
performance-driven software adaptation, and service
composition.
William Fornaciari (Senior Member,
IEEE) is an Associate Professor at Politecnico
di Milano, Milan, Italy. He
has published six books and around
300 articles in international journals
and conferences, collecting six best
paper awards and one certification of appreciation
from IEEE. He holds three international patents on low
power design and thermal management. He has been
the coordinator of both FP7 and H2020 EU-projects. In
2016, he won the HiPEAC Technology Transfer Award
and in 2019 the Switch-To-Product competition. His research
interests include embedded and cyber-physical
systems, energy-aware design of sw and hw, runtime
management of resources, high-performance
computing, design optimization, and thermal management
of multi-many cores.
IEEE CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
55
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IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q1 2023

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