IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q1 2023 - 73

server requests, transcoding requests, and video sets)
and Table 10 lists all parameters that are used in this
work (energy values, power values, server properties,
and video properties).
Table 9.
Sets for energy modeling.
Set
S
Ds
∑s
Rs,UT,d
Rs,VP,σ,Tx
Rs,VP,σ,copy
Rs,VP,σ,Rx
Rs,VP,σ,trans
Vs,VP,σ,trans,r
Vs,VP,σ,store
Appendix B
Parameter Values for Energy Modeling
This appendix shows and explains the assumed parameter
values for the estimations of the overall
Index
s
d
σ
r
r
r
r
r
v
v
Table 10.
Parameters for energy modeling.
Parameter
E
Es
Es,UT
Es,VP
Es,NW










Es,UT,d
Es,UT,d,r
ps,UT,d,r,0
ps,UT,d,r,Rx
ps,UT,d,r,Tx


kWh
year
kWh
year
kWh
year
kWh
year
kWh
year
kWh
year












[kWh]
[W]
[W]
[W]
Meaning
Set of online video services (e.g., on-demand, IPTV, social network).
Set of end-user devices that send video requests to the providers (e.g., smartphones,
tablet PCs, TVs).
Set of provider-side servers providing online videos.
Set of requests from the end user's device d. The request can include an upstream, a
downstream, or both at the same time.
Set of requests to stream a video to users, which is directed to the σ-th server.
Set of requests to copy a video to the σ-th surrogate server.
Set of requests to receive a video, which is directed to the σ-th server.
Set of requests to transcode an incoming video, which is directed to the σ-th server.
Set of video versions to encode from the r-th incoming video, which is directed to the σ-th
server.
Set of videos stored on the σ-th server.
Unit Meaning
Global parameters
Global yearly energy consumption of all online video services.
Energy consumption caused by the s-th online video service.
Total energy consumption of end-user devices using the s-th online video service.
Energy consumption caused by the video providers' servers of the s-th online video service.
Energy consumption of transmission networks caused by the s-th online video service.
Parameters on the end-user side
Energy consumption of the d-th end-user device using the s-th online video service.
Energy consumption of the d-th end-user device caused by the r-th request.
Offset power of end-user device d for request r (e.g., smartphone, tablet PC, TV).
Power of end-user device d for request r, which is attributed to receiving a video.
Power of end-user device d for request r, which is attributed to the transmission (sending) of a
video.
Parameters on the provider side
(Continued)
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