IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q3 2023 - 81

Figure 1. Photo with part of the participants of the CASS Tour at the University of Puerto Rico in Mayagüez.
Figure 2. Prof. Manuel Delgado-Restituto giving his talk in the CASS Tour at San Juan de Puerto Rico.
to implement a circuit, and by consequence, the leakage
power reduction. Power optimization is a main issue in the
IoT world. Some of the layout automation tools developed
by our group are briefly presented.
Neural Recording Multiplexing for Brain Mapping
(by Manuel Delgado-Restituto). One of the biggest challenges
in neurophysiology is to identify the effective connectivity
within the brain and reveal the subjacent driveresponse
map of the neural system. This could help to
understand the functional mechanisms underlying many
neurological disorders that currently do not have effective
treatments, or unravel the neural network involved in
specific tasks, including sensory responses, motor activities,
or intellectual or emotional processes, to implement
efficient brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). Neural recording
systems based on CMOS technology, in combination
with microelectrode arrays, can achieve very high temporal
and spatial resolution and have been proved useful
for assessing connectivity at the extracellular single-unit
THIRD QUARTER 2023
level. However, the suitability of these devices for complex
tasks as, for instance, the restoration or rehabilitation
of lost sensory, motor or autonomic functions after
injury or disease, ultimately depends on the amount and
quality of the information that can be extracted from the
brain tissue and, accordingly, it is crucial to increase the
number of neural signals which can be accurately and
simultaneously recorded in vivo. A major bottleneck in
implementing recording systems for large neural populations
arises from difficulties in achieving the low noise
and low power requirements of the active readout circuit,
with the need to reduce silicon occupancy and increase
recording density to keep the form factor of the
neuro-prosthesis low. This essential trade-off, as well as
other fundamental limits, will be explored in this seminar.
Different intracortical electrode arrangements will
be considered, some of the current trends to address
high channel count recordings will be discussed, and
strategies to improve performance will be pointed out.
IEEE CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
81

IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine - Q3 2023

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