IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine - November 2020 - 45
1) a sequence input layer which accepts the number of
inputs equal to the number of features. Note that there
are three features for training CC-IMF2 in both cases: the
signals CC-IMF2, T-IMF2 and H-IMF2 at time t - 1. The
target for the network in this case is the value of the signal CC-IMF2 at time t. Similarly, there are three features
for training CC-IMF3 in both cases: the signals CC-IMF3,
T-IMF3 and H-IMF3 at time t - 1. The target for the network is then the value of CC-IMF3 at time t.
2) an LSTM layer with 200 units.
3) a fully connected layer with 200 units.
4) a dropout layer with the factor 0.6.
TR
c2
r1
:
r2
...
...
3,000
2,500
2
4
6
10
8
ct+1
rt-1
rt+1 ... rn
Features at Time t
FIGURE 13 The value of the signal CC-IMF1 at time t (c t) is predicted
using its value at time t - 1 (c t - 1) and the value of the signal TR at
time t - 1 (rt - 1) as features.
12
14
16
3,500
3,000
2,500
18
RMSE = 225.5508
500
ct
rt
Forecast
3,500
0
To Be Predicted
at Time t +1
... cn
ct-1
Features at Time t -1
No. of Cases
No. of Cases
c1
CC-IMF1 :
Forecast
4,000
2,000
To Be Predicted at
Time t
0
2
4
6
10
8
12
14
16
18
12
14
16
18
12
14
16
18
14
16
18
RMSE = 115.4116
200
Error
Error
100
0
-500
0
-100
-200
0
2
4
6
10
8
12
14
16
0
18
2
4
6
Day
Day
(a)
(b)
Forecast
Forecast
400
No. of Cases
No. of Cases
500
0
-500
0
2
4
6
10
8
12
14
16
200
0
-200
-400
18
0
2
4
RMSE = 130.5671
6
10
8
RMSE = 118.2228
200
200
Error
100
Error
10
8
0
-100
-200
0
2
4
6
10
8
0
-200
-400
12
14
16
18
0
2
4
6
10
8
Day
Day
(c)
(d)
Observed
12
Forecast
FIGURE 14 Predicted value and root mean square error (RMSE) of the number of COVID-19 cases forecast corresponding to each IMF of Maharashtra CC signal conducted on the test set. (a) CC; (b) CC-IMF1; (c) CC-IMF2; and (d) CC-IMF3.
NOVEMBER 2020 | IEEE COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE
45
IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine - November 2020
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