IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine - November 2020 - 71

TABLE 2 Age distribution, percentage with underlying diseases, and TCM constitution distribution
of residents using diversified programs and residents using the unified program.
0-6

7-13

14-19

20-39

40-59

$ 60

DIVERSIFIED

10.88%

8.06%

7.83%

28.80%

33.82%

10.62%

5.27%

UNIFIED

11.03%

8.63%

8.01%

28.63%

32.60%

11.10%

6.30%

DIVERSIFIED

11.17%

7.50%

7.99%

26.89%

35.53%

10.92%

4.12%

UNIFIED

11.51%

7.64%

7.84%

25.79%

35.60%

11.60%

4.38%

MILD

YANG DEFICIENCY

YIN DEFICIENCY

PHLEGM
DAMPNESS

WET &
HEAT

QI STAGNATION

QI DEFICIENCY

BLOOD
STASIS

SPECIAL

DIVERSIFIED

35.26%

9.56%

5.17%

5.69%

10.59%

9.04%

11.35%

10.38%

6.88%

UNIFIED

32.05%

9.88%

5.30%

5.98%

11.25%

8.86%

11.58%

10.66%

7.54%

DIVERSIFIED

40.34%

9.21%

4.16%

5.13%

10.76%

8.07%

9.86%

10.19%

7.01%

UNIFIED

39.53%

9.10%

4.48%

5.12%

11.28%

7.76%

9.34%

9.75%

7.28%

AGE
HANGZHOU

SHAOXING

TCM CONSTITUTION
HANGZHOU

SHAOXING

which are always the smallest among the six algorithms.
These three instances have the same number N of programs
and similar numbers of residents, but the constraints of the
second-round instance is the most rigorous, while the constraints of the third-round instance is the least rigorous. The
differences among the comparative algorithms are the largest on the second-round instance and the smallest on the
third one. On the second-round instance, the performance
advantages of WWO over the other algorithms are also the
most significant. This demonstrates that the proposed
WWO algorithm is efficient in solving complex instances
of the problem.
On the two instances in Shaoxing, the median objective
function values of WWO are 1.39 and 1.24, respectively, which
are also the smallest among the six algorithms. In the secondround instance, the resources required by the basic prevention
programs do not exceed the available resources too much; on
this relatively simple instance, all algorithms achieve the same
minimum objective function value of 1.24, which has been
verified to be the exact optimal objective function value. However, only the median objective function values of DE and
WWO are 1.24, and the maximum objective function value of
WWO is less than that of DE. In summary, the results show
that the proposed WWO algorithm exhibits the best performance on all instances.
C. Results of Prevention Program Implementation

DISEASED

ferent prevention policies. In either region, the two groups
have similar age distribution, percentage with moderate and
severe underlying diseases, and TCM constitution distribution
(note that some particular people can have more than one
TCM constitution). Therefore, the comparison of the effects of
diversified and unified programs on the two different groups is
justified, as a resident can take only one prevention program.
Table III presents the comparison results. In Hangzhou,
during February and March, 2019, among 4,625 residents
adopting diversified prevention programs, there is no reported
case of COVID-19. During the same period, among 36,138
residents adopting the unified prevention program, there are six
COVID-19 cases, including five imported cases and one local
case. In Shaoxing, among 1,227 residents adopting our diversified prevention programs, there is also no reported case of
COVID-19. During the same period, among 10,530 residents
adopting the unified prevention program, there are two
imported cases. According to the results in Table III, in terms
of incidence rate, the effects of diversified TCM prevention
programs are obviously better than those of the unified TCM
prevention program in both regions.
Nevertheless, due to the low incidence rate of COVID-19 in
China and the limited number of residents in this study, the
comparison of incidence rates does not have sufficient statistical
significance. Thus, we also conduct a questionnaire survey on the
effects of prevention programs. There are two questions, the first
is "TCM prevention program helps me improve health conditions," and the second is "TCM prevention program helps me

We compare the actual prevention effects of the diversified
TCM prevention programs developed
using our method with those of the unified
TABLE 3 Comparison of the effects of our diversified TCM prevention programs
TCM prevention program released by
with those of the unified TCM prevention program.
Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission.
RESIINCIDENCE
LOCAL
LOCAL INCIWe collect data of 36,138 residents from 71
DENTS
CASES
RATE
CASES
DENCE RATE
communities in Hangzhou and 10,530 resiHANGZHOU
DIVERSIFIED
4,625
0
0
0
0
dents from 23 communities in Shaoxing
UNIFIED
36,138
6
0.0166%
1
0.00277%
who adopt the unified prevention program.
SHAOXING
DIVERSIFIED
1,227
0
0
0
0
Table II presents the distribution of basic
characteristics in the residents using the difUNIFIED
10,530
2
0.0190%
0
0

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