IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine - May 2022 - 83

Zong-Gan Chen
South China Normal University, CHINA
Zhi-Hui Zhan
South China University of Technology, CHINA
Sam Kwong
City University of Hong Kong, HONG KONG
Jun Zhang
Hanyang University, SOUTH KOREA
Article
Review
Evolutionary Computation for Intelligent Transportation
in Smart Cities: A Survey
Abstract
A
s the population in cities continues
to increase, large-city problems,
including traffic congestion and
environmental pollution, have become
increasingly serious. The construction of
smart cities can relieve large-city problems,
promote economic growth, and
improve the quality of life for citizens.
Intelligent transportation is one of the
most
important
issues in smart cities
that aims to make transportation safe,
efficient, and environmentally friendly.
There exist many optimization problems
to achieve intelligent transportation,
and most of them contain
large-scale data and complex features
that challenge traditional optimization
methods. With the powerful search efficiency,
evolutionary computation has
been widely used to solve these optimization
problems. In this paper, a twolayer
taxonomy is introduced to review
the research of evolutionary computation
for intelligent transportation in
smart cities. In the first layer, related
studies are classified into three categories
(land, air, and sea transportation)
based on the application scene of the
optimization problem. In the second
layer, three categories (government,
business, and citizen perspectives) based
on the objective of the optimization
problem are introduced for further clasDigital
Object Identifier 10.1109/MCI.2022.3155330
Date of current version: 12 April 2022
sification. A detailed review of related
studies is presented based on the twolayer
taxonomy. Future research directions
and open issues are also discussed
to inspire researchers.
I. Introduction
According to the report by Ritchie [1],
the number of people living in cities
reached 4.1 billion in 2017, and it is
estimated that more than two-thirds of
the people in the world will live in cities
by 2050. The process of urbanization
brings great challenges to city planning
and management. To address these challenges,
researchers have proposed the
concept of a smart city, which is based on
the use of advanced information techCorresponding
author: Zhi-Hui Zhan (email: zhanapollo@
163.com).
nologies to achieve better city planning
and management. In recent years, smart
cities have gained extensive attention
from researchers and have become a hot
research topic [2], [3].
Intelligent transportation is a critical
issue in smart cities. Various mathematical
methods, such as linear programming and
dynamic programming, have been used to
solve transportation optimization problems
in the literature [4], [5]. However,
certain new features in modern cities
make transportation optimization problems
more complex. First, the scale of the
optimization problem has become larger.
Based on a report from the United
Nations [6], 548 cities in the world had
more than one million inhabitants by
2018, and it is estimated that the number
of such large cities will grow to 706 in
2030. Massive populations will lead to
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MAY 2022 | IEEE COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 83
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