44 IEEE COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE | AUGUST 2022 TABLE III CSD values obtained by 11 MOEAs on SMOP1-SMOP8 with 100 to 5000 decision variables. PROBLEM (D) NSGA-II SMOP1 (100) SMOP2 (100) SMOP3 (100) SMOP4 (100) SMOP5 (100) SMOP6 (100) SMOP7 (100) SMOP8 (100) SMOP1 (500) SMOP2 (500) SMOP3 (500) SMOP4 (500) SMOP5 (500) SMOP6 (500) SMOP7 (500) SMOP8 (500) SMOP1 (1000) SMOP2 (1000) SMOP3 (1000) SMOP4 (1000) SMOP5 (1000) SMOP6 (1000) SMOP7 (1000) SMOP8 (1000) SMOP1 (5000) SMOP2 (5000) SMOP3 (5000) SMOP4 (5000) SMOP5 (5000) SMOP6 (5000) SMOP7 (5000) SMOP8 (5000) Average ranking 1.9337e-1 3.0427e-1 2.9980e-1 1.6997e-1 1.4063e-1 1.3167e-1 7.6009e-1 1.0803e+0 2.0078e-1 2.2361e-1 2.1226e-1 2.9639e-1 1.5555e-1 1.3524e-1 2.9905e-1 3.6262e-1 1.5571e-1 2.5495e-1 2.5065e-1 2.9679e-1 1.8111e-1 1.3829e-1 3.0360e-1 3.6972e-1 3.0581e-1 2.3548e-1 2.0494e-1 2.9513e-1 1.8998e-1 2.1177e-1 3.7257e-1 2.7640e-1 5.7500 MOEA/D-DE 4.3614e-1 6.8635e-1 3.3553e-1 6.4059e-1 3.7059e-1 4.6350e-1 8.7693e-1 1.3295e+0 4.7565e-1 5.3837e-1 2.2364e-1 7.4486e-1 3.6846e-1 4.9684e-1 3.5295e-1 5.0656e-1 3.5225e-1 5.2097e-1 2.5065e-1 7.9097e-1 3.9310e-1 4.9495e-1 3.5633e-1 5.6807e-1 4.3757e-1 3.9400e-1 2.0494e-1 6.3529e-1 3.9632e-1 4.6564e-1 2.9600e-1 4.3124e-1 8.3125 MOEA/DVA 7.8851e-1 8.1987e-1 6.9653e-1 7.5967e-1 6.1990e-1 7.2521e-1 1.6762e+0 1.8521e+0 6.5680e-1 6.2014e-1 4.5775e-1 8.4093e-1 6.8601e-1 5.8008e-1 9.4878e-1 9.3498e-1 5.2676e-1 5.9670e-1 4.6366e-1 8.7980e-1 5.8350e-1 5.5872e-1 9.0563e-1 9.0280e-1 7.1662e-1 4.1265e-1 4.0782e-1 7.4225e-1 4.8896e-1 5.0253e-1 1.0383e+0 1.0415e+0 10.6875 LMEA 5.9369e-1 6.7602e-1 4.9054e-1 5.4760e-1 4.6552e-1 6.0050e-1 1.3955e+0 1.6576e+0 5.2181e-1 4.9237e-1 3.1473e-1 5.4238e-1 5.8986e-1 4.4997e-1 7.4620e-1 7.8791e-1 4.3443e-1 4.9781e-1 3.4697e-1 5.8962e-1 5.9136e-1 5.1353e-1 7.2155e-1 7.3794e-1 6.5268e-1 5.3216e-1 3.3496e-1 6.3870e-1 6.4584e-1 7.2834e-1 9.1123e-1 9.3653e-1 9.4688 WOF-SMPSO 2.3918e-1 3.7089e-1 2.5190e-1 3.3175e-1 1.4168e-1 1.7961e-1 4.1530e-1 7.8605e-1 2.5840e-1 1.7649e-1 1.6350e-1 2.4601e-1 1.0433e-1 1.8761e-1 1.6603e-1 1.8598e-1 1.9660e-1 2.0615e-1 1.9917e-1 2.4536e-1 1.2368e-1 1.9575e-1 1.7128e-1 1.7119e-1 2.5393e-1 1.3689e-1 1.5823e-1 2.0108e-1 1.3207e-1 1.4962e-1 1.5326e-1 1.7614e-1 4.8438 LSMOF-NSGA-II 1.4151e-1 2.4525e-1 2.0252e-1 1.1802e-1 9.6309e-2 8.8620e-2 6.1877e-1 8.5502e-1 1.4826e-1 1.3007e-1 1.1170e-1 1.9151e-1 1.5748e-1 8.2919e-2 2.4426e-1 3.0491e-1 1.0731e-1 1.5315e-1 1.4570e-1 1.9047e-1 1.4881e-1 8.9246e-2 2.4907e-1 3.0418e-1 2.0094e-1 1.8393e-1 1.6087e-1 2.4033e-1 1.3989e-1 1.2542e-1 2.3453e-1 2.2673e-1 4.4688 IM-MOEA 3.7767e-1 5.4250e-1 5.7921e-1 3.4479e-1 3.0165e-1 2.7609e-1 1.1281e+0 1.4568e+0 3.8710e-1 4.0178e-1 3.8878e-1 4.1929e-1 4.2196e-1 2.7406e-1 5.9310e-1 6.5754e-1 3.1717e-1 4.0175e-1 4.0951e-1 4.0549e-1 4.1826e-1 2.7406e-1 5.8356e-1 7.2364e-1 4.3473e-1 3.8831e-1 3.9645e-1 3.9630e-1 4.4364e-1 2.8417e-1 5.0184e-1 5.5521e-1 7.9375 LMOCSO 4.1068e-1 6.5158e-1 3.5256e-1 5.2913e-1 2.4447e-1 3.4374e-1 9.0127e-1 1.2191e+0 4.1421e-1 5.1778e-1 2.2364e-1 6.3857e-1 2.7542e-1 3.5664e-1 4.1848e-1 4.3061e-1 3.3554e-1 5.3552e-1 2.5065e-1 6.9149e-1 2.8160e-1 3.5636e-1 4.1170e-1 4.2391e-1 4.3757e-1 3.9517e-1 2.0494e-1 5.7324e-1 2.8988e-1 3.6945e-1 3.1529e-1 3.2799e-1 7.7500 SparseEA MOEA/PSL 4.8689e-2 5.5829e-2 7.0560e-2 4.9980e-2 4.4203e-2 4.7910e-2 1.0306e-1 1.5662e-1 6.8524e-2 4.6055e-2 5.0797e-2 6.0793e-2 5.6343e-2 4.7825e-2 5.2182e-2 7.5297e-2 5.3307e-2 7.0190e-2 6.2881e-2 5.3168e-2 7.0232e-2 5.0686e-2 6.6191e-2 5.5697e-2 8.4255e-2 5.1404e-2 4.6221e-2 7.9108e-2 8.3544e-2 6.5937e-2 7.0545e-2 7.5387e-2 1.5313 6.9883e-2 1.3044e-1 8.6080e-2 6.5248e-2 4.6993e-2 4.4372e-2 2.1786e-1 3.2522e-1 7.7962e-2 6.1991e-2 5.4376e-2 9.1078e-2 4.7540e-2 5.9739e-2 8.1813e-2 1.0165e-1 4.8398e-2 9.2543e-2 7.5598e-2 1.0773e-1 4.8329e-2 5.7827e-2 6.9131e-2 8.5294e-2 1.1666e-1 6.6315e-2 8.5894e-2 8.9054e-2 4.8379e-2 6.1343e-2 1.1192e-1 1.1516e-1 2.4375 PM-MOEA 9.4315e-2 9.0096e-2 1.0548e-1 5.6740e-2 3.7296e-2 4.8082e-2 2.4001e-1 2.9235e-1 7.4613e-2 7.5849e-2 5.1477e-2 1.3729e-1 4.0170e-2 3.3376e-2 1.0454e-1 8.8172e-2 5.3906e-2 4.0488e-2 5.5213e-2 1.4350e-1 3.6738e-2 3.5731e-2 1.1651e-1 7.7375e-2 7.2000e-2 6.6043e-2 6.6826e-2 1.4608e-1 4.6288e-2 3.5237e-2 1.1669e-1 4.4007e-2 2.0313