IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - July 2018 - 20

Shoulder Center

Head

Hand Right
7

10

6

Wrist Right

Hand Left
11

5

Elbow Right

4

1

9

8

Wrist Left

Elbow Left

Shoulder Left

Shoulder Right
Spine 2

12
Hip Right

Hip Center

3
13

17

14

Knee Left

Knee Right

18

15
16

Hip Left

Ankle Left

Ankle Right

Foot Right

19
Foot Left

FIGURE 5. The structure of the 19 bone vectors of the human skeleton.

Various types of dance have different requests of each body
part. The number of hand movements is large in the Tujia handwaving dance, i.e., it has high requirements for hand movement.
The arm bones are a significant influence on the final evaluation,
so their weight should be higher than other parts of the body. To
improve the reliability of evaluation, we analyzed 20 Tujia hand-

x2 - x1

cosα =

)2 +

(x2 - x1

(y2 - y1)2 + (z2 - z1)2
y2 - y1

cosβ =

)2 +

(x2 - x1

(y2 - y1)2 + (z2 - z1)2

score =

z2 - z1

cosγ =

)2 +

(x2 - x1

(y2 -

y1)2 +

(z2 - z1

)2

(x2 - x1)2 + (y2 - y1)2 + (z2 - z1)2 ≠ 0
FIGURE 6. The calculation formulas of the cosine values.

20 IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine

^

july 2018

waving dance videos and counted the use frequency for each
part in dance movement. The statistical outcome can be used to
determine the weight of each body part. The relationship
between bones and their weights is shown in Table 1.
Weights and Euclidean distance of the bone vectors are
used for dance evaluation. Let d (u, c) denote the weighted
Euclidean distance between the two different skeletons of the
user and choreographer, which is defined as the difference of
their skeletons in the Unity coordinates system. The d max is
the biggest difference between the two skeletons, which can
be a reference of zero, while the d min represents the minimum
difference between them, which is a reference of full score.
The calculating formula is defined as

d (u, c) =

d ^u, c h - d max
# 20,
d min - d max

/ 19p = 1 d p (u, c) ) wp
19

.

(1)

(2)

The formula can be used to distinguish the level of dance
and limit the score on a scale of 0-20 (a full mark is 20). The



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