IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - July 2018 - 60
To evaluate the performance of the
modulation scheme for Li-Fi communication in an indoor environment, the transmission is carried
out by five transceivers, each of
which consists of 600 RGB LEDs.
the C i (t) capture time of each controller with the t avg average
block-generation time and maintains the list of controllers
(ControllerList []), including the respective standard deviation
(ControllerSD []) whose capture time is less than or equal to
the average block-generation time. If the array of controllers
(ControllerList []) is not empty, then we choose the controller
using the best fitness () function. If the array of controllers
(ControllerList []) is empty, then we select the best possible
list of controllers using the firefly selector algorithm and
return one chosen controller using the best fitness () function,
which returns one controller with min C i (t) and smaller standard deviation {.
At runtime, the block-generation time by the chosen controller sometimes exceeds the calculated threshold time
t avg + {. To address this issue, we propose the ECHA online
algorithm, which considers the other controllers from the distributed network and returns the best possible chosen controller
to resend the request. Algorithm 2 represents the ECHA online
algorithm for efficiently choosing the controller to resend the
request at runtime. In the ECHA online algorithm, g (t) represents the current block generation time of response by the chosen controller, GlobalControllerList [] represents the list of all
Algorithm 1: ECHA offline.
C (t), t avg, {, CC = NULL, indexY = 0, indexN = 0,
ContrlollerList[],ControllerSD[],ControllerListN[],
ControllerSDN[]
Output: Chosen controller C i to send request
Begin
For each controller C i, i = 1 to N do
If C i # t avg then
ControllerList 6indexY @ ! C i
ControllerSD 6indexY + +@ ! { i
Else
ControllerListN6indexN@ ! C i
ControllerSDN 6indexN + +@ ! { i
If ControllerList [] is not NULL then
CC ! BestFitness (ControllerList [])
Return CC
Else
CC ! BestFitness (FireFlySelector
^ControllerListN 6@ , ControllerSDN 6@h)
Return CC
End
^
Input: g (t), GlobalControllerList[],RestControllerList[]
Output: Chosen controller C i to send request
Begin
RestControllerList[] ! GlobalControllerList[] LocalControllerList[]
If g (t) $ t avg then
RestControllerSD [] ! Calculate {
CC ! BestFitness (FireFlySelector
(RestControllerList [], RestControllerSD []))
Return CC
End
of the controllers in the distributed blockchain network, and
RestControllerList [] represents all of the controllers, excluding those considered in the ECHA offline algorithm (i.e.,
LocalControllerList []). Using the firefly selector algorithm,
we choose the list of the best possible controllers and apply the
best fitness () function to draw one chosen controller.
Algorithm 3 represents the firefly selector algorithm,
which takes the list of controllers as input and re turns
t h e list of the best possible chosen controllers (i.e.,
ListofBrightestFireFly []). In the firefly selector algorithm, each
firefly represents one controller. Initially, we choose the random
generation of firefly from the input list of controllers and calculate the brightness of each firefly using the objective function
(i.e., FindBrightness ()). Here, the objective function represents
the sum of capture time C i (t) and standard deviation { of each
controller. Then, using the best fitness () function, we choose the
best firefly (Fbest). We initialize the parameters popsize and
Algorithm 3: Firefly Selector.
Input:
60 IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine
Algorithm 2: ECHA online.
july 2018
Input: ControllerList [], ControllerSD []
Output: ListofBrightestFireFly []
Begin
For i = 1 to popsize do
Random generation of firefly from ControllerList []
RL ! FindBrightness (ControllerList[],
ControllerSD[])
Fbest ! BestFitness (RL [])
While i = 1 to numofGen do
For i = 1 to popsize do
If Fbest 2 FindAttractiveness (RL [i]) then
Move firefly i towards Fbest in D-dimension
Else
Move firefly i randomly in D-dimension
Sort all of the fireflies based on their brightness
Select top N fireflies
Return (Top N fireflies)
End
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - July 2018
Contents
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