IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - September/October 2019 - 54

Column: The Art of Storage

Data Center
Disaggregation
Using NVMe
Tom Coughlin
Coughlin Associates, Inc.

& CONSUMER

APPLICATIONS USE resources in big
data centers to provide various services.1,2
These big data centers (the cloud) need efficient
utilization of compute, network, and storage to
provide these services, often for little or no
price. Let us look at ways that modern data centers are achieving these efficiencies by better
allocation of hardware using software. Much of
the material below is based upon presentations
at the 2019 Open Compute Project Summit in
San Jose, CA.
Manoj Wadekur from Facebook and Anjaneya
"Reddy" Chagam from Intel spoke about disaggregated storage architecture. Figure 1 compares local attached storage (storage in an
individual server) with disaggregated storage.
Two ways are shown to provide this disaggregation. The first is using the compute node (to
create a logical disaggregation). The second
approach is to use a storage head node with
physical storage disaggregation. The disaggregation results in more efficient utilization of storage resources.

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCE.2019.2923932
Date of current version 30 August 2019.

54

2162-2248 ß 2019 IEEE

NVM Express (NVMe) is the standardized
interface designed to fully exploit the capabilities of modern nonvolatile fast memory and storage. NVMe, based on the fast peripheral
component interconnect express (PCIe) computer bus, is rapidly displacing older solid state
drive (SSD) interfaces, such as serial AT attachment (SATA) and Serial SCSI (small computer
system interface) (SAS). Non-Volatile Memory
Express (NVMe) has low latency and it has no
host bus adapter, resulting in lower power and
lower cost. NVMe SSDs are now available in a
great many form factors.
With the latest NVMe standard release,
NVMe can work over an Ethernet fabric (refer
Figure 2). This enables sharing of NVMe flash
storage over the Ethernet network using traditional block protocols (e.g., internet small
computer system interface (iSCSI)) or NVMe
optimized protocols (e.g., NVMe/TCP). This
use of the NVMe protocol over popular network fiber technologies is called NVMe over
Fabrics (NVMe-oF).
Disaggregating flash storage enables the independent scaling of compute and storage resources. This disaggregation allows for dynamic
allocation of these resources to support various

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IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - September/October 2019

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