IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - September/October 2019 - 75

The issue of distraction applies to motorcycles,
which require studies since the viewpoint movements differ. Many commercial contributions on
realizing this technology are an ongoing project,
especially by implementing HUD to a helmet.
An attached wearable display device to the
head is named as a head-mounted display, which
also is known as a helmet-mounted display (HMD)
when the display is mounted on a helmet. Use of
HMD for augmentation or navigation is known to
be effective in fields like outdoor sports.3 There
have been various studies and proposal with HMD
for motorcycle application such as police motorcyclist.4 There transpose been various fundraising
campaigns such as Skully AR-1, Nuviz Ride, and
Livemap, or major company like BMW also has
announced a conceptual motorcycle HUD at
CES2016. Commercializing motorcycle HUD is a
challenging project due to difficulties with minimizing the HUD to implement inside the helmet,
securing the helmet safety, and distributing it at an
affordable price. However, research on distraction
can be conducted by using simulation environments1 and prototype of HUDs.

MOTORCYCLE HUD PROTOTYPE AND
TESTING ENVIRONMENT
HUD is composed of a projector, lens, and a
half-mirror. The rider moves their viewpoint
between À20 to +5 , vertically.1 The focal distance can be configured, based on motorcycle
riders' eye-tracking data (see Figure 1). The distance configuration is based on the rider's viewpoint movement angle and their eye height
(1.55m). Considering the optimal display distance which is not too far or close, the focal
distance for navigation information shall be configured in a distance slightly closer than the
road surface (4m).
The components for the motorcycle HUD prototype are composed of microelectro mechanical
systems (MEMS)-based laser projector, a nonspherical lens, and an ordinary acrylic board
with 92.6% transparency for the half-mirror. First,
the motorcycle HUD prototype was designed to
conduct experimental tests to investigate configurations for presenting navigation information,
the half-mirror was designed to cover a broad
range of riders' field of view. The HUD was
mounted on a motorcycle simulator operated in

September/October 2019

Figure 1. Configuration for focal distance of presenting
information.

a testing environment for the human-centered
design approach.
An immersive virtual reality environment was
utilized for the testing environment. The testing
environment is composed of immersive CAVE
(see Figure 2),5 and a motorcycle simulator provides a three-dimensional (3-D) stereo image
through 3-D glasses stereo to the rider tracked
by the electromagnetic sensor.

CONFIGURATION OF PRESENTING
NAVIGATION INFORMATION
There are three configurations necessary to
concern for a motorist navigation system.6 The
configurations are described as when, where, and
a suitable form to their characteristics, which are
rephrased as information presentation timing,
position, and quantity for easier understanding.
Although suitable form sounds as if it includes
other parameters than quantity, the form to
suit their characteristics as the quantity of information is either too much or too little.6 Hence,
considering the suitable form as information
quantity, the three configurations need comparison for presenting navigation information.

Figure 2. Overall structure of the immersive cave
motorcycle simulator.

IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - September/October 2019

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