IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - September/October 2019 - 77

Figure 6. Front view photo of the HUD equipped on
to the testing vehicle.

replaced to a different MEMS-based laser
projector.
While the testing vehicle is a commercial
vehicle capable of riding on public roads, further
actual vehicle testings were conducted on nonpublic roads (private roads), for safety and ethical concerns. Figure 7 shows the riding course
used for the actual vehicle testing to test if the
configurations based on the virtual reality environment were effective in an outdoor environment. Experiment was configured to show
navigation information to go straight, turn left,
or turn right at a location 40m prior from the target turn points. The rider did six trial runs of
navigation information presented to turn left, for
two times per turn point. Experiment conducted
against one male in the 30s resulted the rider
was 100% successful understanding the presented navigation information.

DISCUSSIONS
A human-centered approach to realize the
motorcycle HUD prototype has been successfully configured with three important parameters: presenting navigation information timing,
position, and quantity. Experimental test results
using actual vehicles in the real world indicated
that the HUDs can be utilized on motorcycle
effectively for presenting navigation information.
However, it is to be noted that there is a possible
bias since most riders are aware of the upcoming
technology, riders are favorable to the HUD in

September/October 2019

Figure 7. Riding course for testing the HUD.

the first place. Therefore, evaluation and analysis were performed mainly on objective eyetracking data, although it cannot deny the possibility of favor against the technology affecting
viewpoint movements.
In general, favoring affects human's attention
and information processing behavior.7 HMD was
rated more attractive over a head-down display
in terms of attractiveness and qualitative feedback.8 Hence, while the implementation has
been successful, extra caution is necessary to
consider that providing information while driving is generally a distraction. Many studies on
distraction have been done for automobiles,
which already have regulations and guidelines.9
Regarding the different characteristic of viewpoint movement, current regulations and guidelines may not be the perfect guide to follow,
although it is mandatory.
While traditional regulation and guidelines are
updated, most of the constraints were made
assuming the display to be a conventional liquid
crystal display. When using a HUD, new configuration parameters like the focal distance, and display position becomes necessary to take into
consideration. Other parameters like luminance
and brightness affects the visibility, which needs
to be understood well. For example, raising the
brightness of the information contributes to better visibility, but the driver feels bothersome with
high luminance HUDs while driving.10 Presenting

IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - September/October 2019

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