IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - September/October 2019 - 91

viewing zone of the prototype. Our prototype has
a wide viewing zone, covering the PD of 98% of
Japanese adults. The prototype wearable display
with MMA is light and sufficiently comfortable to
minimize the wearer's fatigue.

7. A. Hotta, T. Sasaki, and H. Okumura, "Depth perception
effect of dynamic perspective method for monocular
head-up display realizing augmented reality," in Proc.
Int. Display Workshops, 2011, pp. 251-254.
8. K. Horiuchi, S. Shimakawa, M. Inomoto, N. Okada,
T. Sasaki, and H. Okumura, "Combiner for head-up

CONCLUSION

displays using partial transparent fresnel reflector," in

An optical system with a partially transparent
MMA and a Fresnel reflector is suitable for making
a partially transparent combiner system. We have
reduced the ghost images caused by the MMA
structure. Our MMA optics can be made with
widely used materials. In the case of the
eyeglasses-type HMD, the material of the MMA is
the same as that of conventional eyeglasses. The
HUD with the Fresnel reflector composed of
widely used material can reduce the cost of
manufacturing. The MMA and the Fresnel reflector can be used not only for automotive applications but also in various AR devices, such as
surgical displays or advertising displays.

Proc. Int. Display Workshops and Asia Display,
PRJ 2-3 (Workshop of Projection and Large-Area
Displays and Their Components Workshop), 2012, pp.
1991-1994.
9. E. Niforatos, A. Fedosov, M. Langheinrich, and
I. Elhart, "Augmenting humans on the slope: Two
electronic devices that enhance safety and decision
making," IEEE Consum. Electron. Mag., vol. 7, no. 3,
pp. 81-89, May 2018.
10. K. Pagano, A. Haddad, and T. Crosby, "Virtual realitymaking good on the promise of immersive learning:
The effectiveness of in-person training, with the
logistical and cost-effective benefits of computerbased systems," IEEE Consum. Electron. Mag., vol. 6,
no. 1, pp. 45-47, Jan. 2017.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to thank K. Horiuchi,
S. Tamaoki, and N. Okada for technical assistance with the experiments.

11. F. Lamberti and F. Pescador, "Advanced interaction
and virtual augmented reality: Making interaction
with machines more natural and effective," IEEE
Consum. Electron. Mag., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 62-63,
Mar. 2018.

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Tomoya Tsuruyama is with Toshiba Corporation,
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Aira Hotta is with Toshiba Corporation, Japan.
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Takashi Sasaki is a senior research scientist at
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Haruhiko Okumura is at the Corporate R&D Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan. Contact
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