IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2020 - 30

Feature Article: Smart Home Healthcare

Diabetes Care in Motion:
Blood Glucose Estimation
Using Wearable Devices
Chih-Wei Tsai
Shu Tang Information Technology (Shenzhen)
Co., Ltd.
Chun-Hung Li
Add Care, Ltd.

Chi-Kwong Li
Add Care, Ltd.
Sam Ho
Shu Tang Information Technology (Shenzhen)
Co., Ltd.

Ringo Wai-Kit Lam
Shu Tang Information Technology (Shenzhen)
Co., Ltd.

Abstract-Diabetics should monitor their blood glucose daily to prevent severe acute
complications. However, the pain sensation due to finger pricking is not only an
inconvenience to patients, but can also reduce compliance with diabetes management.
A reliable, mobile, easy-to-use, and noninvasive glucometer can address this problem.
Noninvasive optical signals, such as those used to obtain a photoplethysmogram (PPG),
have recently been used to measure human physiological and vascular conditions and
have been adopted to estimate glucose. In this study, we conducted a clinical trial to
acquire the PPG signals using wearable devices from nine type 2 diabetic patients. The
global and personalized models were built using random forest and adaboost regression
models. The accuracy of the models was determined by the tenfold cross validation and
leave-one-out validation approaches. The results show that it is feasible to attain 90%
accurate glucose predictions. Therefore, diabetic patients can use a wearable
noninvasive glucometer utilizing the PPG signals.

& DIABETES

MELLITUS IS one of the most prominent chronic diseases of the 21st century.1 The
diabetic population, which increased from

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCE.2019.2941461
Date of current version 6 December 2019.

30

2162-2248 ß 2019 IEEE

151,000,000 in 2000 to 221,000,000 in 2010, is
growing at an unprecedented pace and is predicted to reach 439,000,000 by 2030.2 Patients
are advised to self-monitor blood glucose daily
to prevent acute complications; these procedures involve pricking of fingertips to analyze
blood samples via glucometers. However, finger

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