IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 38

Consumer Electronics Security

Figure 4. F-measure results for "RSSI only" with varying a from 1.0 to 8.0. (a) D = 4 m. (b) D = 5 m.

distance (0.87 at 4 m and 0.93 at 5 m). Interestingly, we can also observe an interesting pattern:
DTW produced the better F-measure results with
a 5:0 for D ¼ 4 m (or with a ! 3:0 for D ¼ 5 m).
Based on those results, we recommend using
DTW and present the results using DTW in the
rest of this article.
Effects of Window Size To analyze the
effects of window size on F-measure of the proposed method, we used four different window
sizes (4, 16, 64, and 256). Here, window size indicates the number of packets to be used in a time
interval. Therefore, a smaller window size is generally preferred to speed up the suspicious
device detection process.
Figures 4 and 5 show the test results for "RSSI
only" and "RSSI and RTT," respectively. We can
see similar trends to those results except when
the window size is 4. As mentioned above, for
the windows size of 256, the proposed method
produced the best results between a ¼ 3:0 and
4.0, when D ¼ 4 m (or around a ¼ 5:0, when
D ¼ 5 m). However, the window size of 256 is relatively sensitive to a compared with the other

window sizes. That is, if one wishes to use 256 as
the window size, the threshold a should be
selected carefully. The window size of 4 does not
seem sufficient to achieve a high F-measure.
Therefore, we recommend using at least 16 window size taking just 24 s.
Effects of a We analyzed the effects of a on the
detection performance in more detail. Table 2
shows the classification accuracy results on precision, recall, and F-measure with a when the
window size is 256. We can see that "RSSI only"
and "RSSI and RTT" approaches generally produced highly accurate results.
Unsurprisingly, the test results were greatly
changed with the physical distance between
the victim device and the attacking device;
when the attacking device is more distant, the
proposed method could detect it with a higher
accuracy. When that distance is 4 m, we can
obtain the highest F-measure of 0.87 with
either "RSSI only" or "RSSI and RTT" (at a =
3.0). When that distance is 5 m, the highest
F-measure is 0.96 with either "RSSI only" or
"RSSI and RTT" (at a ¼ 5:0). Therefore, our

Figure 5. F-measure results for "RSSI and RTT" with varying a from 1.0 to 8.0. (a) D = 4 m. (b) D = 5 m.

38

IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine



IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020

Contents
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - Cover1
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - Cover2
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - Contents
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 2
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 3
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 4
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 5
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 6
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 7
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 8
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 9
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 10
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 11
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 12
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 13
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 14
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 15
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 16
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 17
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 18
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 19
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 20
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 21
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 22
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 23
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 24
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 25
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 26
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 27
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 28
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 29
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 30
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 31
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 32
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 33
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 34
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 35
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 36
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 37
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 38
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 39
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 40
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 41
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 42
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 43
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 44
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 45
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 46
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 47
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 48
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 49
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 50
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 51
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 52
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 53
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 54
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 55
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 56
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 57
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 58
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 59
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 60
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 61
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 62
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 63
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 64
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 65
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 66
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 67
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 68
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 69
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 70
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 71
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 72
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 73
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 74
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 75
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 76
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 77
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 78
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 79
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 80
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 81
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 82
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 83
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 84
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 85
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 86
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 87
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 88
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 89
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 90
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 91
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 92
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 93
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 94
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 95
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 96
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 97
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 98
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 99
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 100
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 101
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 102
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 103
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 104
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 105
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 106
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 107
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 108
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 109
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 110
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 111
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 112
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 113
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 114
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 115
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 116
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - Cover3
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20240102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20231112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20221112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20211112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202003
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201811
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201809
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201807
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201805
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201803
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_july2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_april2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_january2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_october2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_july2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_april2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_january2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_october2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_july2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_april2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_january2015
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com