IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020 - 96

Theme Article: Special Section on Implementable
Humanitarian Technology

Health Fog for Smart
Healthcare
Mohammad Aazam
Carnegie Mellon University

Khaled A. Harras
Carnegie Mellon University

Sherali Zeadally
University of Kentucky

Abstract-Internet of Things (IoT) and sensing have led to significant improvements in the
delivery of healthcare. IoT can extend its scope by accessing cloud resources. Cloud, on
the other hand, can also enhance its services from the data collected from healthcare
IoTs. However, IoT and the cloud are generally physically distant from each other making
it a challenge to provide services with specific requirements (such as fast response time,
less compute-intensive processing). To address these requirements, we need some type
of middleware technology such as a fog which resides between the cloud and IoT
ecosystem. We describe how fog enables cloud-IoT convergence and can be deployed to
achieve smart healthcare. We present a few use cases where the use of fog can improve
healthcare delivery. Finally, we discuss relevant issues and opportunities that must be
considered in the future in order to realize the smart healthcare vision.

& THE

FULL CAPACITY of the Internet of Things
(IoT) in the healthcare sector is yet to be discerned because several challenges still need to
be addressed by the research community.1 The
noteworthy challenges include privacy, security,
interoperability, standardization, scalability,
usability, and quality of service. Healthcare devices and sensors are mostly resource constrained

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCE.2019.2953749
Date of current version 7 February 2020.

96

2162-2248 ß 2019 IEEE

and often require to offload computation or data
to a comparatively resource-rich entity such as
the cloud.
Cloud is rich in resources in terms of data
storage or extensive processing, such as those
required in deep learning. Similarly, extensive
security measures can be taken on the stored
data, making cloud-IoT convergence [also known
as cloud of things (CoT)] a possible solution to
the aforementioned issues.2 The main problem
with cloud, however, is that it is distant from
the IoT nodes and accessible over the public

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IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2020

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