IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2020 - 34

Cover Theme Article: 5G in Consumer Electronics

Half-Duplex Radio:
Toward Green 5G NR
Haneet Kour and Rakesh Kumar Jha
Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University

Abstract-The standardization of the 5th generation of mobile communication networks is
paving its way in 3GPP, involving the evolution of 5G New Radio (NR). One of the key features
of NR is its operation at high frequencies, such as mmWave, involving high human exposure
to electromagnetic radiation in the atmosphere. This increases the power density levels in
our ecosystem, high specific absorption rates in body tissues because of temperature
elevation due to heating. This article provides an overview of the harmful impacts of the
Radio Frequency fields with some radiation reduction techniques. A potential solution as a
proposal in the form of "Thermal Radiation" (TR) mode to design the future mobile
communication networks is presented. The proposed mode validates its performance by
decreasing Power Density, complexity, and temperature elevation. Also high energy
efficiency is obtained for the proposed TR mode, hence contributing toward Green
Communication.

& IN 5G

NEW Radio (NR), there will be usage of
the sub 6 GHz and mmWave spectrum, with operating frequencies as high as 0.45-6 GHz and
24-52.6 GHz, respectively. A key feature of NR
includes ultra lean carrier design to minimize the
power consumption by limiting the "always-ON"
signal transmissions and to reduce interference in
the neighboring cells.1,2 Increase in the count of
base stations to be deployed and the number of
antennas in the system brings about various challenges with respect to the performance and

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCE.2020.2993105
Date of publication 7 May 2020; date of current version
9 October 2020.

34

2162-2248 ß 2020 IEEE

biological health of the users in the system.
Various biological effects of the radiofrequency
electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) and mmWave radiation have been studied in the literature. Some of
them are summarized in Table 1. It can be seen
that at low frequencies of exposure, the power
density values obtained for the study targets are
within the exposure limits as specified by ICNIRP.3
With the rise in frequency exposure, the PD and
specific absorption rate (SAR) obtained rise correspondingly. The damage caused is seen in terms
of reduced growth rate, reproductive capacity,
corneal damage, altered memory, and so on.
There is a major contribution to the climate
change caused by emission of harmful gases, such

Published by the IEEE Consumer Technology Society

IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine



IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2020

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