IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2020 - 41
Cover Theme Article: 5G in Consumer Electronics
Human Electromagnetic
Field Exposure in 5G at
28 GHz
Seungmo Kim and Imtiaz Nasim
Georgia Southern University
Abstract-The fifth-generation wireless (5G) has already started showing its capability to
achieve extremely fast data transfer, which makes itself considered to be a promising
mobile technology. However, concerns have been raised on adverse health impacts that
human users can experience in a 5G system by being exposed to electromagnetic fields
(EMFs). This article investigates the human EMF exposure in a 5G system and compares
them with those measured in the previous-generation cellular systems. It suggests a
minimum separation distance between a transmitter and a human user for keeping the
EMF exposure below the safety regulation level, which provides consumers with a general
understanding on the safe use of 5G communications.
CONCERN ON HUMAN EMF
EXPOSURE IN 5G
& AS
A MEANS to fulfill the latest skyrocketing
bandwidth demand, the fifth-generation wireless
(5G) is expected to achieve far higher data rates
compared to the previous-generation wireless
systems. However, the 5G's requirement of a
very high data rate entails an increase in signal
power received at a user's end, which in turn
results in an increase in the amount of electromagnetic energy imposed on the user.1-3 Not
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCE.2019.2956223
Date of publication 11 May 2020; date of current version
9 October 2020.
November/December 2020
only that, this article identifies three technical
features adopted in 5G, which can increase the
human electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure
"further."
First, the 5G targets to operate at higher frequencies (e.g., 28, 60, and 70 GHz4) in addition to
the existing lower frequency bands for cellular
communications. The advantages are 1) the
availability of wide bandwidths and 2) the possibility of integrating a larger number of antennas
in small dimensions.4 At a higher frequency,
however, the EMF "absorption" rate into human
skin also rises.
Second, larger numbers of transmitters will
operate. In 5G, more base stations (BSs) will be
Published by the IEEE Consumer Technology Society
2162-2248 ß 2020 IEEE
41
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2020
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