IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 33

Table 1. DVB-T receiver profiling results.
Block

CPU usage (%)

Viterbi decoder

52.6

FFT

16.1

Ref. signals processing

12.1

Symbol demapping

8.7

Symbol acquisition

6.3

Other

4.1

which is not especially efficient but is very
generic and is easily ported to any processor.
Our version is able to use all eight C66 cores
simultaneously by using the parallelization
technique described by Fettweis and Meyr.26
For the FFT we have used the vendor-supplied
implementation.

VALIDATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
OF THE PROOF-OF-CONCEPT
IMPLEMENTATION
We have registered the receiver execution time
for a recorded transmission in three configurations.
1) No acceleration at all, i.e., the receiver runs
entirely on the host processor.
2) The Viterbi decoder is offloaded to the C66
cores.
3) The Viterbi decoder and the FFT computation are offloaded to the C66 cores.

The accelerated configurations have been
tested using from 1 to all 8 available C66 cores.
The results are shown in Figure 3, in which the
X-axis represents the number of C66 cores used
and the Y-axis is the receiver execution time.
The nonaccelerated configuration, with no
C66 cores in use, corresponds to the green bar
at the left. It can be surprising to see that when
the Viterbi decoder is offloaded to just one C66
core the total execution time is increased (blue
bars), and even more when the FFT is also offloaded from the host processor (orange bars).
That happens because the Viterbi decoder runs
actually slower on one C66 core than on one
ARM, so the overall execution time is dominated
by the decoder running on the single C66 core.
Adding the FFT just makes things worse.
But where one core is slow, two are faster,
and three even more. With two C66 cores the
execution time is still dominated by the Viterbi
decoder, but with three or more the situation
changes. Now the execution time is limited by
the host processor running all tasks except the
Viterbi decoder (blue bars), so no net gain is
obtained from increasing the number of C66
cores up to eight. When both the Viterbi decoder
and the FFT are offloaded (orange bars), the execution time is again determined by the C66
cores, and that is why a speedup is achieved
when more cores are used.
It is important to notice that the main focus of
this test is not on raw receiver performance, but
on checking whether our proposed offloading

Figure 3. Execution time of the DVB-T receiver for a recorded transmission versus number of C66 cores
used. See the text in the " Validation and Characterization of the Proof-of-Concept Implementation " section for
the interpretation of these results.

March/April 2021

33



IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021

Contents
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - Cover1
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - Cover2
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - Contents
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 2
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 3
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 4
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 5
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 6
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 7
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 8
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 9
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 10
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 11
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 12
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 13
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 14
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 15
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 16
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 17
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 18
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 19
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 20
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 21
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 22
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 23
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 24
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 25
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 26
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 27
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 28
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 29
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 30
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 31
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 32
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 33
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 34
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 35
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 36
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 37
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 38
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 39
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 40
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 41
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 42
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 43
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 44
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 45
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 46
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 47
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 48
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 49
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 50
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 51
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 52
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 53
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 54
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 55
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 56
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 57
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 58
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 59
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 60
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 61
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 62
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 63
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 64
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 65
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 66
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 67
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 68
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 69
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 70
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 71
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 72
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 73
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 74
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 75
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 76
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 77
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 78
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 79
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 80
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 81
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 82
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 83
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 84
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 85
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 86
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 87
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 88
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 89
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 90
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 91
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 92
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 93
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 94
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 95
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 96
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 97
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 98
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 99
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 100
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 101
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 102
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 103
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 104
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 105
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 106
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 107
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 108
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 109
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 110
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 111
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 112
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 113
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 114
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 115
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 116
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 117
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 118
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 119
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - 120
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - Cover3
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2021 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20240102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20231112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20221112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20211112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202003
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201811
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201809
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201807
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201805
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201803
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_july2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_april2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_january2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_october2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_july2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_april2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_january2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_october2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_july2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_april2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_january2015
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com