IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - May/June 2021 - 115

of vulnerabilities in the vehicle system, mobile
application, and remote servers can influence
vehicles' behavior.
Thus, all components of the autonomous
vehicle systems are provisioned with strong
measures for communication network security
through frequent log reviews, usage of Intrusion
Detection Systems at the vehicle, mobile
application, and server levels. Another suggested
approach is developing a blockchainbased
" Autonomous vehicles " security operations
center that uses blockchain to collect
the logs from vehicles, perform analysis, flag
events, and determine the source of unauthorized
access if possible, and inform the vehicle
owner and manufacturer.
Leverage Stronger Threat Detection
Mechanisms
The approach toward the security of autonomous
vehicles should be treated with the similar
priority as that of health of human body, i.e., realizing
that prevention is better than cure. Supplementing
the underlying IoT components with
programmed sensors for anomaly detection can
add a preventive layer against unauthorized
access. Smartphone industry has demonstrated
this capability throughwater damage level sensors
in the devices to detect water damage at the first
instance upon identification of traces of water.
Similarly, sensors programmed with owners'
access information (IP address of the device,
PIN, biometric access information) of vehicle
can aid the detection process significantly. Such
sensors will allow only the authorized users to
access the vehicles and flag, and inform the user
instantly in case of any unauthorized access.
Contribute to Domain Knowledge
Security awareness fosters vigilance by the
stakeholders of technology especially, if the awareness
is customized per the level of comprehension
of the users. For this emerging domain where
cyber-crimes can cost monetary and human lives,
it is imperative to share experiences, lessonslearnt,
best practices, safeguards, and solutions.
Contribution to domain knowledge also enables
fostering a " collective responsibility " and " processcorrection "
environment for all the entities (entrepreneur,
contractors, subcontractors) involved in
May/June 2021
Table 1. Recommendations to CIA Mapping.
Recommendation
Attack vectors knowledge
Security in Design
Security Frameworks
Communications network security
Stronger threat detection mechanisms
Contribution to domain knowledge
C
I
A
the endeavor of manufacturing the autonomous
vehicles. Upon identification of vulnerabilities in
components produced/acquired/manufactured by
underlying entities, all stakeholders of the organization
should work in tandem to either address the
concern through patching the vulnerabilities, or
devise a mechanism to recall the insecure components
and replace themwith secure ones.
We recommend that entrepreneurs contribute
to the domain with their experiences, case
studies, approaches, identification, mitigation,
and recovery from cyber incidents. Awareness
sessions, training, and enablement sessions by
designers, developers, quality engineers, and
architects will enable a common knowledge platform
that is mutually beneficial for all for a safer,
secure, and successful IoT-based industry.
Each of the above-mentioned recommendations
significantly impact the cybersecurity triad
aspects of the design and production. Table 1
explains how the recommendations impact the
confidentiality (C), the integrity (I), and the availability
(A) of the security. An asterisk ()inthe
table corresponds to a level of impact.
CONCLUSION
Autonomous vehicle is an expanding domain
in its nascence, enriching with new experiences.
Like any other domain, the entrepreneurs are
striving to design, develop, and manufacture
vehicles that are secure for the end users.
Despite the avalanche of standards and guidelines
scattered all over, there appears to be a
chasm in comprehension of the available cybersecurity
standards and implementation. This
gives rise to anxiety and confusion in aspiring
entrepreneurs in choosing their discourse. This
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