IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - May/June 2021 - 70

Energy and Security
Figure 2. Collaborative edge computing paradigm of IoT.
villages need to be cheaper and sustainable.
Based on these thoughts, we define the term
smart villages as follows13:
" A village that uses information and communication
technologies (ICT) for advancing economic
and social development to make villages
sustainable. "
We identified four key aspects that define a
smart village: 1) transport and mobility; 2) natural
resources and energy; 3) smart building; and
4) economy and society.
EMERGING COMPONENTS FOR
SMART VILLAGES
A few technologies are fundamental for the
smart village deployment, such as i) real-time
monitoring of the event, ii) data processing in the
edge datacenter, iii) scalable data storage, and
iv) secure the system and data from attackers. We
summarize these technologies in the context of
a smart village.
Real-Time Monitoring
The developments in technology enable us to
track activities and collect data from devices
placed remotely. IoT devices are used in such
locations to detect activities and transfer those
data to the datacenter for further analysis and
storage. These data in edge computing provides
70
monitoring of the system in real time, and it is
effectively used in several smart village applications.
Lightweight machine learning (TinyML)
can run on the edge and end devices and are key
for smart villages.13
Edge Computing
The emergence of IoT-edge computing
shifted the process by bringing computational
processes closer to the origin of data (edges).4
Since the computations are done in the edges,
the systems do not suffer latency, and real-time
processing would work better for a smart village.
The possibility to run various algorithms in the
edges is an added advantage that brings more
instantaneous results.8
Data Storage
In the centralized (cloud) data storage, a central
entity manages data storage and indexing,
which is vulnerable to cyber threats.9 Blockchain
brings sustainable decentralized data storage
capabilities without the involvement of
the central entity.10 Also, cryptographically hashing
involvement in decentralized data storage
maintains data integrity without integrating further
cryptography solutions.
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IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - May/June 2021

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