IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - July/August 2021 - 60

Smart Agriculture
Figure 2. DAS for rose farming monitoring.
Figure 3. Actuator management system.
acquisition, the DAS sends it to the DSS. Furthermore,
the DSS analyzes the data and takes appropriate
action through an actuator management
system (AMS).
Actuator Management System (AMS)
To control different parameters in greenhouse,
separate actuators are used. All actuators
are connected to a CAM (see Figure 3). The CAM
takes instructions from the DSS and acts accordingly
by activating/deactivating or controlling
the actuators. The action is taken immediately
if any irregularity in the greenhouse is detected.
In the case of rule-based action, the CAM automatically
activates/deactivates the actuator
based on the rules decided by the DSS or by the
agronomist a priori. For example, if the CO2 level
is above the upper limit (900 ppm), then it needs
to open the air ventilators, and if the CO2 level is
below the lower limit (800 ppm), then it needs to
switch ON the CO2 cylinder. The machine learning
(ML) model and expert advice actions are
described in the next subsection.
Decision Support System (DSS)
The DSS acts as the main operating system of
our proposed IoT-enabled greenhouse rose farming
system (see Figure 4). Broadly, the DSS governs
six major components namely: i) Rulebased
designed engine (RBE), ii) CAM, iii) ML
models, iv) experts or agronomist, v) greenhouse
workers, and vi) data repository. The DSS
60
not only acts as a resource allocator, but also as
a resource optimizer.
Broadly, the ML models perform following
four tasks: 1) Detecting common diseases using
plant image classification. 2) Considering common
environmental parameters; the ML module
will predict the near future abnormalities that
may happen and will recommend for preventive
measure. 3) Recommending appropriate actions
in case of any imbalance found in common environmental
parameters. The tasks 2) and 3) of ML
module use the previous actions recommended
by the experts, which are stored in the data
repository. 4) Identifying the growth of unwanted
plants in the greenhouse. In tasks 1 and 4 of the
Figure 4. DSS working flowchart.
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine

IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - July/August 2021

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