IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - September/October 2021 - 102

Special Section: AI-Driven Security Solutions
for the Internet of Everything
Two-Tier Intrusion
Detection Framework for
Embedded Systems
Ming Liu and Zhi Xue
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Xiangjian He
University of Technology Sydney
Abstract-The embedded system is an essential component of the Internet of Everything.
Recently, host-based intrusion detection techniques have been widely applied to
embedded systems effectively. However, the traditional standalone intrusion detection
system has several shortcomings in terms of efficiency and scalability. In this article, a
two-tier scalable intrusion detection framework is designed for embedded systems to
address these shortcomings. The framework is based on Spark and is deployed in the
cloud environment. The experiments show that the proposed framework can effectively
improve the detection efficiency and scalability.
& THE CONCEPT OF the Internet of Everything
(IoE) has been widespread nowadays.1 Among
the components of the architecture of IoE, the
Internet of Things (IoT) is integrated as one of
them.2,3 The IoT ecosystem integrates a wide
variety of embedded systems. Embedded systems
are widely used in many areas, such as traffic
management systems, industrial control
systems, intelligent home management systems,
robots, etc. Embedded Linux system is an
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCE.2020.3048314
Date ofpublication 31 December 2020; date ofcurrent
version 5 August 2021.
102
2162-2248 ß 2020 IEEE
operating system that modifies the original
Linux system to run on the embedded computer
systems.
With the widespread use of the embedded
system and embedded Linux system, new types
of intrusion are emerging. For example, Android
is a Linux-based mobile operating system.
Android smartphones are often subject to the
same type of attacks as attacks against Linux.
Due to the embedded environment's particularity,
traditional intrusion detection technologies
(IDS) are challenging to be migrated to embedded
systems. It is necessary to develop lightweight
intrusion detection approaches for
embedded systems to ensure that embedded
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IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - September/October 2021

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