IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - September/October 2021 - 11

training purposes, since they provide learners with
the possibility to immerse themselves in interactive
experiences designed to ease the visualization
and understanding of difficult concepts, thus, making
learning more engaging and effective. VR and
AR also offer educators new tools for monitoring
learners' advancements and quantitatively evaluate
their results, since virtual learning experiences
make the (continuous) collection of performance
data easier than in traditional settings.
With respect to Blockchain and its application
to the considered field, it is worth observing that a
number of education institutions already started to
experiment with this technology. For instance, the
National University of La Plata (UNLP) used Blockchain
for verification of academic achievements,41
the Holberton School in San Francisco tested it as a
means for helping employers to check academic
credentials, whereas at MIT it was exploited to
deliver diplomas onmobile devices.
Pairing VR/AR education-oriented solutions
with Blockchain may open up to a number of
new applications. As a matter of example, entire
curricula' and/or courses' material could be
made available as immersive experiences or digital
assets for augmented lectures through Blockchain-based
databases, which would be able to
protect users' identity while providing access
only to authorized users and securely tracing
learners' activity. For instance, the work in the
article by Jovanovic and A. Milosavljevic,42
presents an educational platform, named VoRtex,
which relies on Blockchain and VR to support
secure learning into virtual environments.
The prototype implementation uses VR to create
immersive experiences where the users are free
to move and interact with other users or learning
material. The experiences are designed to
present gamification features (such as role-playing)
and promote teamwork. The Blockchain is
used to protect data ownership and integrity.
More specifically, data such as educational material
or user-generated content are synchronized
among all the connected users over the Blockchain.
Moreover, the identification of the users'
role through the Blockchain makes it possible to
define access control rules and allow, e.g., only
the teacher to manipulate the lesson contents or
only the students attending the lesson to visualize
the learning material.
September/October 2021
Universal File Formatting
The wide adoption of VR/AR technologies as
well as the growing diffusion of new applications
in heterogeneous domains ask for ways to limit
as much as possible issues concerning file formatting.
Errors due to the use of wrong or

IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - September/October 2021

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