IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - September/October 2021 - 28

Consumer Electronics Security
the attacker from launching the proposed attack
forhis fear of paying ahugecost.
CONCLUSIONS
In this article, we introduced a combined
attack: double-spending with a Sybil attack. We
discussed how to mitigate the huge threat of the
proposed attack and proposed two mitigations
such as charging an identity fee and setting a
deadline. We combined these two mitigations
and conducted an economic analysis on it.
Through the analysis, our findings indicate that
the combined mitigation can effectively improve
the attacker's break-even point. Hence, a rational
attacker will give up attempting to attack
because of the huge attack cost. In the future, we
will propose other countermeasures to deter
such a combined attack happening in addition
to increasing the attack cost, e.g., improving the
signature scheme of blocks or enhancing the
original consensus mechanism.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This research was supported by the MSIT
(Ministry of Science and ICT), Korea, under the
ITRC (Information Technology Research Center)
support program (IITP-2020-2018-0-01799) supervised
by the IITP (Institute for Information & communications
Technology Planning &Evaluation).
&REFERENCES
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Shijie Zhang was a master student in Sangmyung
University, Cheonan, South Korea. His research
interests include system security, network security,
and blockchains.
Jong-Hyouk Lee is currently leading the Protocol
Engineering Lab., Sejong University, Seoul, South
Korea. He was the recipient of the IEEE Best Land
Transportation Paper Award in 2015, Haedong Young
Scholar Award in 2017, and IEEE Systems Journal
Best Paper Award in 2018. He has authored the Internet
Standards: IETF RFC 8127, 8191, and 8691. His
research interests include protocol engineering and
performance analysis. He is the corresponding author
of this article. Contact him at jonghyouk@sejong.ac.kr.
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IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TII.2019.2921566 https://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf https://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
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