IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - September/October 2021 - 68

Socioeconomic Impact
Figure 3. Transaction weight in global blockchain
network.
proper justification of 51% peers' valid response. A
newly generated block is linked with a previously
addedblock sequence in national peers.
GPN
Every NPN has a particular peer node, GP,
responsible for cross-border data exchange. It
bridges multinational blockchain-based health
data centers through GP and forms GPN. GPs
exchange information with the GCA. GPs perform
as an independent blockchain network, where GCA
recognizes the GPN members with the help of
respective CA. GPs hold a separate smart contract
that does not belong to NPN. Transactions in GPN
are being executed as a regular process of BCwhile
consensus forms in GP's participation. The records
are stored in a regular block of respective GPs. It
allows GlobeChain's individual chain for NPN and
GPN (multiple chain).
Global Certification Authority: Unlike CA, GCA does
not hold all credentials in CAs, and it carries certifications
temporarily if any global transactions are
required. The information are exchanged if and
only if one crosses the immigration of country. The
immigration server accesses the national health BC
network through anAPI.
IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES
Migration of typical centralized national health
system to Blockchain compatible system is very
challenging due to diverse protocols. For smooth
transaction execution and synchronization among
multiple BC protocols and meaningful understanding
betweendifferent consensus algorithms is a crucial.10
Another challenge is continuous data
recording and maintaining the massive burden of
68
data. It is estimated that over 2314 exabytes of data
will be generated globally from the healthcare
industry by the end of 2020.11 Figure 3 presents a
prediction of overall transaction weight to handle
such a massive volume of transactions under a
GBN. It shows three scenarios of whether transaction
weight may vary from patient to patient
depending on the size of medical reports. If transactions
vary 5-50 KB, 50-500 KB, and 501 KB-5 MB,
the transaction weights increases for every case. It
is challenging to handle this massive memory volume
under a global Blockchain network while
Blockchain still faces scalability issues.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS
Health specialists have already taken technology-dependent
various initiatives for controlling
COVID-19. It is a global uniformed initiative in emergency
for the outbreak. For real-time global sharing
of related data and for security and privacy data,
blockchain is a suitable technology. Our proposed
framework shows an effective way to bridge the
state-specific BC network and form a unified GlobeChain
supported BC network. Further advanced
research targeting interprotocols transactions,
pluggable consensus independent mechanism can
be the futuremilestone.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The work of Sujit Biswas was supported by
the Information and Communication Technology
Division (ICTD), Bangladesh Grant: 20-362.
Drs. Sujit Biswas and Kashif Sharif are the
corresponding authors.
&REFERENCES
1. A. Kalla, T. Hewa, R. A. Mishra, M. Ylianttila, and M.
Liyanage, " The role of blockchain to fight against
COVID-19, " IEEEEng. Manage. Rev., vol. 48, no. 3,
pp. 85-96, Jul.-Sep. 2020.
2. A. K. Bairagi et al., " Controlling the outbreak of COVID19:
A noncooperative game perspective, " IEEE
Access, vol. 8, pp. 215 570-215 581, 2020.
3. A. K. Tripathy, A. G. Mohapatra, S. P. Mohanty, E.
Kougianos, A. M. Joshi, and G. Das, " EasyBand: A
wearable for safety-aware mobility during pandemic
outbreak, " IEEEConsum. Electron. Mag., vol. 9, no. 5,
pp. 57-61, Sep. 2020.
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