IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - September/October 2021 - 74

AI-Driven Security Solutions for the Internet of Everything
Figure 1. Illustrative system model of blockchain-enabled vehicular crowdsensing for 5G IoVsSYSTEM
MODEL.
By leveraging the blockchain-enabled technique,
this article proposes a safe vehicular
crowdsensing architecture for 5G IoVs, and
formulates a joint latency and safety
problem.
We design a deep reinforcement learning
(DRL)-enabled algorithm to select proper
active miners and transactions, with the
objectives of maximizing the security and
minimizing the latency of blockchain.
A subchannel allocation problem is formulated
in the nonorthogonal multiple access
(NOMA)-based BSs, and a two-sided matching-based
algorithm is proposed to reduce
the maximum uploading delay.
OVERVIEW OF BLOCKCHAIN IN 5G
IOVS
Blockchain is a distributed ledger and has the
characteristics of decentralization, transparency,
and immutability, which can be integrated
in 5G IoVs to guarantee a secure transmission
and trading environment. Lamberti et al. employ
blockchain to semiautomatically activate/deactivate
vehicle insurance coverage to restrict insurance
fraud and reduce policy modification
costs.2 In order to protect network's privacy, a
distributed blockchain-enabled heterogeneous
mobile edge computing architecture is constructed,
in which blockchain technique is leveraged
to realize multiplex mutual trust networking
74
and collaborative routing verification.3 A blockchain-based
parking-management system is presented
to rent available private parking spaces to
vehicle users and protect the privacy of users.4
Umoren et al. proposed a blockchain-enabled
scheme for energy trading between vehicles and
critical load, and the blockchain is leveraged to
guarantee a trusted trading environment.5 In
order to manage network efficiently, Gao et al.
integrated the blockchain and software defined
networks and propose a vehicular network architecture,
in which the blockchain can provide a
trust-based message propagation module to
effectively evaluate the received information and
control the false information in 5G IoVs.6 However,
these studies did not pay attention to the
blockchain latency, safety, and the selection of
active miners, which are vital for blockchain.
Figure 1 illustrates the system model of
blockchain-enabled vehicular crowdsensing for
5G IoVs.
Network Entities
The components of the designed network
system contain: an registration authority (RA),
vehicles, road side units (RSUs), BSs, and a TMS.
RA is considered to be a fully credible authority,
which is responsible for the registration of RSUs
and vehicles. The RSUs intending to be miners
and the vehicles requiring for services have to
register for accounts with their real identities in
RA. In order to effectively collect messages and
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IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - September/October 2021

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