IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - September/October 2021 - 91

Figure 6. Blockchain simulation results for scenarios 1 and 2.
adding that block into the blockchain. After executing
the consensus algorithm (in our case,
PBFT consensus algorithm), the created block is
added into the blockchain. The simulation is
done under the following two scenarios.
Scenario 1: The number of transactions per
mined block is taken as 35 in this scenario.
The simulation results shown in Figure 6 demonstrate
that the number of blocks mined into the
blockchain versus the total computational time
(in seconds) for mining the blocks. It is noticed
that if the number of blocks mined is increased,
the computational time also increases linearly.
Scenario 2: In this scenario, the number of
mined blocks in each chain is considered as 25.
The simulation results provided in Figure 6 show
the number of transactions stored per block versus
the total computational time (in seconds) for mining
the blocks. Similar trend shows that the computational
time increases linearly when the number of
transactions per block is also increased.
CONCLUSION
In this article, we discussed an evolution of
the blockchain technology in an IoE context. We
then discussed various threats that can be executed
by an attacker in an IoE environment. To
detect and mitigate the malicious attacks, we
proposed a generalized access control framework
in IoE. To perform big data analytics using
AI/ML algorithms, we incorporated the blockchain
in the proposed access control framework.
Since the data are securely brought to the fog
servers from the IoT smart devices and the
September/October 2021
blocks are formed with genuine information, the
data-poisoning attacks can be significantly
reduced in the proposed blockchain-based
framework. As a result, the AI/ML algorithms can
work as per their expectation to make correct
predictions with the authentic data sets stored
in the blockchain. Finally, the blockchain-based
simulation was performed to demonstrate the
practicality of the proposed framework and its
good performance characteristics.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported in part by the
Basic Science Research Program through the
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
funded by the Ministry of Education under Grant
2020R1I1A3058605, in part by PR of China Ministry
of Education Distinguished Possessor Grant given
to Prof. Obaidat under Grant MS2017BJKJ003, and
in part by the Ripple Centre of Excellence Scheme,
CoE in Blockchain (Sanction No. IIIT/R&D Office/
Internal Projects/001/2019), IIITHyderabad, Hyderabad,
India.
&REFERENCES
1. S. P. Mohanty, V. P. Yanambaka, E. Kougianos, and
D. Puthal, " PUFchain: A hardware-assisted blockchain
for sustainable simultaneous device and data security
in the Internet of Everything (IoE), " IEEEConsum.
Electron. Mag., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 8-16, Mar. 2020.
2. A. Banafa, " The Internet of Everything (IoE), " 2016.
[Online]. Available: https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/
en/technology/digital-world/the-internet-of-everythingioe/,
Accessed: Jul. 2020
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