IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 32

Feature Article: Communications Technology
Toward the Internet of
Underwater Things: Recent
Developments and Future
Challenges
Ruhul Amin Khalil
Department of Electrical Engineering, University
of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar,
Pakistan
Nasir Saeed
Department of Electrical Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology,
Thuwal, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Mohammad Inayatullah Babar and
Tariqullah Jan
Department of Electrical Engineering, University
of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar,
Pakistan
Abstract-This article introduces the latest advancements in the field of Internet
of Underwater Things (IoUT) with importance toward the technological aspects for
communication and location awareness. The IoUT is composed of underwater devices
such as sensor nodes with defined communication and networking protocols. The IoUT
framework integrates various marine communication technologies based on acoustic
waves, radio waves, optical waves, and magnetic induction. This new framework enables
multiple applications, including ocean exploration, assisted navigation, location
awareness, and environmental pollution control. Hence, this article provides state-of-theart
communication technologies and consumer electronics aspect for implementing the
IoUT network. Furthermore, this article also states the recent advancements in IoUT and
its useful applications in the underwater environment. Moreover, we also classify various
research requirements and challenges concerning the efficient design and proper
implementation of IoUT networks.
& IT IS KNOWN that water covers more than twothirds
of earth's surface in the form of oceans.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCE.2020.2988441
Date ofpublication 11 May 2020; date ofcurrent version 6
October 2021.
These oceans provide plentiful aids to mankind,
e.g., climate regulation, food supply chain, transportation,
leisure, and medicine industry. Consequently,
the ocean-related business subsidizes
approximately 500 billion US dollars to the
world economical industry. However, due to the
32
2162-2248 ß 2020 IEEE
Published by the IEEE Consumer Technology Society
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine

IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021

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