IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 50

Smart Cities
Figure 5. Wheat for LM (subset) and NN (subset).
Figure 2. Wheat for LM (complete) and NN
(complete).
Figure 6. Cotton for LM (subset) and NN (subset).
Figure 3. Cotton for LM (complete) and NN
(complete).
Figure 7. Rice for LM (subset) and NN (subset).
Figure 4. Rice for LM (complete) and NN
(complete).
root mean square error (RMSE) as performance
metric for comparison of models. Model with
the lesser value of accuracy measure is considered
as more secure for forecasting.
Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are extensively
practical in time series forecasting, having
layered architecture that poses some recurrent
connections with few unit delays, affecting the
current output through previous states. In this
work, we considered the RNN and generated the
models comparable with our proposed model in
R software. We use LM when data points are in a
50
linear curve, and we use NN because it can automatically
find correlation and hidden features in
data. Experiments are carried out in two diverse
ways for each technique: the complete set of factors
and subset of factors, resulting in a total of
four models for each of the crop consumption.
Figures 2-4 illustrate the prediction plot for
AR(1) and RNN models with complete set of factors
in support of wheat, cotton, and rice consumption,
respectively. While Figures 5-7 show
up the consumption forecasting of wheat, cotton,
and rice by using their respective subset of
factors in AR(1) and RNN models. This continuous
line is actual fit for consumption while the
dotted line represents the fit for predicted values.
The proposed model grabs the peaks and
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IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021

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