IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 63

Table 1. Qualitative Comparison of Various Noninvasive Glucose-Level Monitoring Methods.2
Technique
Advantages
Near Infra-Red (NIR)
Mid Infra-Red (MIR)
Thermal Emission
Spectroscopy
Raman Spectroscopy
Photo Acoustic
Polarimetry
Reverse Iontophoresis
Fluorescence
Bio impedance
spectroscopy
Millimetre and Microwave
Sensing
Optical Coherence
Tomography
Surface Plasma Resonance
Time of flight and THz
Time domain
Spectroscopy
Metabolic Heat
Conformation
Electromagnetic Sensing
Ultrasound Technology
Sonophoresis
Easier & Accurate Measurement
Low scattering & Strong
absorption
Low sensitive towards scattering
High specificity & less sensitivity
Effective and not harmful for the
tissue
Stable method for glucose
measurement
Highly accurate as it measure
glucose from interstitial fluid
Good sensitivity because of
distinctive optical properties
Best for CGM
Deep skin penetration depth
High SNR
high sensitivity
strong absorption and dispersion
Easy captured physiological
parameters for glucose prediction
low-cost and No risk
Long penetration below the skin
or tissue
Reliable & no side-effect to skin
which may lead to have improper insulin dosage
for type 1 diabetes patients.
The noninvasive CGM would provide reliable,
convenient, and cost effective solution for glucose
measurement. The noninvasive methods
helps to measure the glucose from interstitial
fluid (ISF). There were several noninvasive efforts
to have glucose measurement from skin surface,
saliva, sweat, tears, and retina.4 Some of the
selected approaches for noninvasive CGM are
shown in Table 1.2 However, there is still
research going on for precision, reliability, and
higher sensitivity. These would be useful to measure
glucose multiple times in a day to have the
November/December 2021
Disadvantages
High Scattering
Limited light penetration
Sensitivities for temperature and substance
thickness
Susceptible for noise interference
Vulnerable towards acoustic noise,
temperature, motion
sensitive for the change in pH and temperature
Difficult to have proper calibration
Sensitive for local pH and/or oxygen
Large calibration requirement
Poor selectivity
Glucose value may change as per skin and
motion Suffers from tissue inhomogeneity
Bulky and Long calibration process
longer time for measurement
Sensitive towards temperature & sweat
Low selectivity
costly and not useful for CGM
Error prone due to environmental parameters

IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021

Contents
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - Cover1
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - Cover2
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - Contents
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 2
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 3
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 4
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 5
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 6
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 7
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 8
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 9
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 10
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 11
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 12
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 13
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 14
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 15
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 16
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 17
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 18
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 19
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 20
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 21
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 22
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 23
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 24
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 25
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 26
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 27
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 28
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 29
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 30
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 31
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 32
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 33
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 34
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 35
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 36
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 37
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 38
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 39
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 40
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 41
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 42
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 43
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 44
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 45
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 46
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 47
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 48
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 49
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 50
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 51
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 52
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 53
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 54
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 55
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 56
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 57
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 58
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 59
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 60
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 61
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 62
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 63
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 64
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 65
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 66
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 67
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 68
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 69
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 70
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 71
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 72
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 73
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 74
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 75
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 76
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 77
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 78
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 79
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 80
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 81
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 82
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 83
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 84
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 85
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 86
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 87
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 88
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 89
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 90
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 91
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 92
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 93
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 94
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 95
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 96
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 97
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 98
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 99
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 100
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 101
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 102
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 103
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 104
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 105
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 106
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 107
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - 108
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - Cover3
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2021 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20240102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20231112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20221112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20211112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202003
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201811
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201809
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201807
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201805
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201803
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_july2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_april2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_january2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_october2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_july2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_april2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_january2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_october2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_july2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_april2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_january2015
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com