IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 10

Smart Healthcare Security
Figure 2. Fuzzy vault locking and unlocking process in RAFV.
following actions are taken. 1) Generating the
original direction and order of rotation for
each quadrant using the agreed RSSI values.
2) Reversing the order and direction of rotation
for each quadrant. 3) Executing the rotation.
4) And finally proceed with unlocking the fuzzy
vault. These steps are depicted in Figure 2.
Vault Division and Quadrants Rotation in RAFV
In the context of RAFV, a quadrant is used to
split the vault into evenly spaced partitions. If a
quadrant is selected all the points contained
within its boundaries shall be rotated either
clockwise or counterclockwise around the center
point of the quadrant. More quadrants can
be created by dividing all of the quadrants in the
current deepest layer into four smaller ones. In
doing so each newly created quadrant (child)
shall cover 1
4 of the area of its parent. Quadrants
can be represented using the quadtree data
structure where the deeper layers contain more
quadrants, however, each quadrant represents a
smaller area of the vault.
Once the vault has been divided into the
desired number of quadrants the angle and
order of rotation can be assigned. In RAFV, the
10
angle of rotation is either 90
or90. This is
because other angles, such as 45, 135, or 215
will cause quadrants to overlap with one another
making the reconstruction of the original locked
fuzzy vault, by the receiver, impossible. The
angle of rotation is obtained from the RSSI values
that have been agreed upon before vault construction.
The RSSI values are assigned to the
deepest layer of quadrants within the vault.
Starting from the bottom left and moving across
and up, each quadrant will be assigned an RSSI
value in the order they occur in the list. If there
are more quadrants than RSSI values then the
list will loop back to the start. As for quadrants
in layers above, their values are determined by
summing their children's RSSI values. Once each
quadrant has been assigned a value it can then
be converted into an angle by looking at the parity
(odd or even) of the value. If the assigned
value is odd then the quadrant shall be rotated
90 and if the value is even then the angle of
rotation is 90.
Regarding the order of rotation, this is also
obtained via the same RSSI values as the angle of
rotation. However, the difference consists in
using the collection of RSSI values to seed a
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IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022

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