IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 39

Figure 5. Outcome of future secure and resilient
energy systems.
achieved by: (1) conducting an inventory of perceived
challenges among industry stakeholders
to determine prioritized challenges; (2) providing
support to industry through advocacy and
education; and (3) creating talent pipelines that
support industry needs while promoting diversity
in the energy sector.
Interdisciplinary environments will facilitate
bridging multiple disciplines and viewpoints to
enrich the impact of the anticipated research
and development as well as learning experiences.
Specifically, it would be necessary to draw
on the strengths of multiple academic disciplines
and collaborations including electrical
(e.g., impact of RES generation on the stability of
electromechanical oscillation), mechanical (e.g.,
assessing structural resilience of offshore wind
turbines), computer engineering (e.g., defensein-depth
strategies to establish attack-resilient
and self-healing security frameworks), social sciences
(e.g., uneven recovery after hurricanes
has only deepened inequalities based on race
and class), and government and industrial stakeholders
(e.g., ensure that research outcomes
truly represents national needs and urgency).
This broad coalition is necessary to realize a
convergent research approach and lead to significant
societal impact. In terms of education,
interdisciplinary courses merging concepts
together from various disciplines will become a
priority in order students to acquire more knowledge
and skills in the area.25
Looking broadly at the goals of security and
resiliency in energy systems utilized in industrial
applications and smart city ecosystems, there
are two areas where significant progress must
still be made, as shown in Figure 5. First, increasing
the resilience of critical systems to highimpact
low-probability adverse events (e.g.,
January/February 2022
cyberattacks, weather-induced failures and
faults, natural hazards, etc.) is a major priority
for CPES and of high significance for safeguarding
national economic and security. Such events
can lead, for example, to escalating instability in
system dynamics and cause large-area failures. It
is of paramount importance to develop resilient
and operational-secure strategy methods for
electric grid applications in smart city environments
considering the renewable future of the
oil and gas industry. These methods will take
into consideration of offshore installations
within the oil and gas industry and how to reuse
these structures for RES, leading to a " green
decommissioning " and to a " green economy. "
Toward this energy transition framework, it is
necessary to encounter erratic events as well as
the presence of modeling weather uncertainty.
As a result, future methodologies would require
to address disruptive events by exploiting both
localized and supervisory RES schemes, and prevent
them from escalating into system failures.
Second, a resilient electric grid should eliminate,
or at least significantly reduce, impacts
induced from extreme weather- and cyber-based
events. Thus, it is important to expand current
utility forecasting capabilities not only in terms
of assets, but also develop probabilistic models
for asset availability, accessibility, and usability
during and succeeding a major disaster. The
task is complex and is dependent on multiple,
interacting, and often counterintuitive correlations
between variables. Thus, there is a need to
develop new indices for security and resilience,
suited for the weather challenges and technological
advancements of each smart city. Therefore,
in the future, it would be necessary to develop
smarter and cost-effective strategies within comprehensive
frameworks and algorithms for
enabling resiliency of RES-based power systems-encompassing
time-span from planning
to postevent restoration and recovery that
would minimize the power outages.26 A framework
based on security and resiliency metrics
can be engineered to leverage maturation of
microgrid technologies, asset management, conformation
to cybersecurity standards and support
of the state-of-the-art attack detection/
prevention methods, and increasing customerownership
of viable, resiliency-enabling energy
39
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