IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 47

value is 1.8 and the particle best weight value is
set as 1.2, and the inertia weight of the current
particle is 1.5. The plaintext is set as " IEEE CEM "
including eight characters if it contains spaces.
Figures 3 and 4 show key similarity of aboveFigure
3. Key similarity model of original DES.
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
The experiments were performed by utilizing
JAVA SE 14. The comparison objects are that the
chosen traditional encryption method is an opensource
DES fromGithub.14 Another one is an existing
Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based encryption with
Shannon entropy as fitness function.15 Moreover,
we implement three kinds of metaheuristic-based
DES, which including single-solution-based Simulated
Annealing (SA), population-based GA and
swarm-intelligent-based PSO via our proposed
framework. Where the initial temperature of SA is
set as 2400C then reduces 0.01% every round. In
GA, the mutation rate is 75%, crossover rate is
95%, and the tournament selection is chosen for
the selection of GA in order to decrease the probability
to fall into local optimum instead of Roulette
Wheel Selection. And the whole process will execute
500 times. All the parameters of existing GAbased
encryption follow our settings. In PSO, the
number of particles is 12. The global best weight
mentioned encryption methods. Generally, DES
will generate 16 keys in a full process. To make it
more readable, we selected eight sets of keys
and visualized them through our proposed key
similarity model. Figure 3 shows the situation
generated from DES that there are many key fragments
that still have a similar slope as the plaintext.
Figure 4(a) shows the key similarity of
existing GA-based encryption, i.e., although the
key combination has more fluctuation, but the
value change range is very small that it is still
unable to overcome the threat of violent forced
solution. We can see in Figure 4(b)-(d) that our
proposed framework actually provides the shake
violently for each fragments of key so that the
dissimilarity between the key and the plaintext
can be maximized. The complete comparison
can be seen in Figure 5. The area, respectively,
enclosed by the curves of DES and existing GAbased
encryption with the plaintext curve is too
small. It means that the found keys from these
two encryption methods have a high similarity
with plaintext so that it leads to a disadvantage
of providing a high degree security. Because the
encoding process is a simple combinatorial optimization
problem, SA is able to steadily find out
highly dissimilar keys. GA has some operators to
Figure 4. Key similarity model of (a) GA-based, (b) SADES, (c) GADES, and (d) PSODES encryption.
January/February 2022
47

IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022

Contents
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - Contents
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 2
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 3
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 4
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 5
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 6
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 7
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 8
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 9
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 10
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 11
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 12
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 13
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 14
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 15
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 16
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 17
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 18
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 19
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 20
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 21
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 22
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 23
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 24
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 25
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 26
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 27
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 28
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 29
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 30
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 31
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 32
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 33
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 34
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 35
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 36
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 37
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 38
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 39
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 40
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 41
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 42
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 43
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 44
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 45
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 46
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 47
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 48
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 49
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 50
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 51
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 52
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 53
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 54
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 55
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 56
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 57
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 58
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 59
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 60
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 61
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 62
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 63
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 64
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 65
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 66
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 67
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 68
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 69
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 70
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 71
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 72
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 73
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 74
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 75
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 76
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 77
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 78
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 79
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 80
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 81
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 82
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 83
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 84
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 85
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 86
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 87
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 88
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 89
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 90
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 91
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 92
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 93
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 94
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 95
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 96
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20240102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20231112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20221112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20211112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202003
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201811
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201809
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201807
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201805
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201803
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_july2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_april2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_january2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_october2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_july2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_april2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_january2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_october2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_july2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_april2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_january2015
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com