IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 72

Special Section on Security and Sustainability Technologies for Smart Cities
the effectiveness and feasibility. FinderX
reduces the time to find a trash bin by 18.98%
and the average distance by 34.7%.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This research was supported by the National
Science Foundation through award ECCS1952090
and by the National Institutes of Health
grant 1R21HD095270-01.
&REFERENCES
1. K. Barrett, " Population estimates for cities and towns, "
United States Census Bureau, 2019. Accessed: Mar.
28, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.census.gov/
newsroom/press-releases/2019/subcountypopulation-estimates.html
2.
S. P. Mohanty, U. Choppali, and E. Kougianos,
" Everything you wanted to know about smart cities:
The Internet of Things is the backbone, " IEEEConsum.
Electron. Mag., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 60-70, Jul. 2016, doi:
10.1109/MCE.2016.2556879.
3. R. Hasan, R. Hasan, and T. Islam, " InSight: A.
Bluetooth beacon-based ad-hoc emergency alert
system for smart cities, " in Proc. IEEE18th Annu.
Consum. Commun. Netw. Conf., 2021, pp. 1-6, doi:
10.1109/CCNC49032.2021.9369621.
4. H. Thapliyal, " Internet-of-Things-based consumer
electronics: Reviewing existing consumer electronic
devices, systems, and platforms and exploring new
research paradigms, " IEEEConsum. Electron. Mag.,
vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 66-67, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1109/
MCE.2017.2755219.
5. A. Holst, " Smartphone users worldwide 2016-2021, "
2019. Accessed: February 19, 2021. [Online].
Available:https://www.statista.com/statistics/330695/
number-of-smartphone-users-worldwide/
6. F. Delmastro, V. Arnaboldi, and M. Conti, " Peoplecentric
computing and communications in smart
cities, " IEEECommun. Mag., vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 122-
128, Jul. 2016, doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2016.7509389.
7. H. Habibzadeh, Z. Qin, T. Soyata, and B. Kantarci,
" Large-scale distributed dedicated- and nondedicated
smart city sensing systems, " IEEESensors
J., vol. 17, no. 23, pp. 7649-7658, Dec. 2017,
doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2017.272563.
8. S. V. Watzdorf and F. Michahelles, " Accuracy of
positioning data on smartphones, " in Proc. 3rd Int.
Workshop Location Web, 2010, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1145/
1899662.1899664.
9. E. Mok, G. Retscher, and C. Wen, " Initial test on the
use of GPS and sensor data of modern smartphones
for vehicle tracking in dense high rise environments, "
in Proc. Ubiquitous Positioning, IndoorNavigation, and
Location BasedService, 2012, pp. 1-7, doi: 10.1109/
UPINLBS.2012.6409789.
10. K. Merry and P. Bettinger, " Smartphone GPS accuracy
study in an urban environment, " PLoSOne, vol. 14, no. 7,
2019, Art. no. e0219890, doi: 10.1371/journal.
pone.0219890.
11. " Bluetooth Special Interest Group. Bluetooth 4.0 core
specification. " Accessed: Mar. 28, 2021. Available:
https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/bluetoothcore-specification.
12.
G. A. Giannoumis, M. Ferati, U. Pandya, D. Krivonos, and
T. Pey, " Usability of indoor network navigation solutions for
persons with visual impairments, " in Proc. Cambridge
Workshop UniversalAccess Assistive Technol., 2018, pp.
135-145, doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-75028-6_12.
13. D. Hollander, " The state of Bluetooth in 2018 and
beyond, " April 2018. Accessed: Feb. 01, 2021.
[Online]. Available: https://www.bluetooth.com/blog/
the-state-of-bluetooth-in-2018-and-beyond/
14. G. Li, E. Geng, Z. Ye, Y. Xu, J. Lin, and Y. Pang,
" Indoor positioning algorithm based on the improved
RSSI distance model, " Sensors, vol. 18, no. 9, 2018,
Art. no. 2820, doi: 10.3390/s18092820.
Raiful Hasan is currently working toward the Ph.D.
degree at the University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, AL, USA. Contact him at raiful@uab.edu.
Ragib Hasan is currently an Associate Professor of
computer science and the founding Director of the
Secure and Trustworthy Computing Lab (SECRETLab),
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
AL, USA. He received the Ph.D. and M.S.
degrees in computer science from the University of
Illinois at Urbana Champaign in October 2009, and
December 2005, respectively, and was an NSF/CRA
Computing Innovation Fellow postdoc at the Department
of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University.
He is the corresponding author of this article.
Contact him at ragib@uab.edu.
72
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022
