IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 91

Table 1. Power Consumption (nW) of EE-SPFAL-Based
Proposed Designs and CMOS-Based Adders at Different
Frequencies.
Frequency (MHz) 1
CMOS AMA8
CMOS Apx19
CMOS Apx29
CMOS Apx39
CMOS Apx49
EE-SPAL TSAA
12.5
25
50
25.46 273.2 440.5 786.8
17.98 201.0 344.0 559.8
17.16 207.8 415.2 762.1
11.39 138.9 278.3 557.5
15.12 171.2 313.6 591.7
0.539 12.57 33.28 88.97
EE-SPAL TCAA 0.542 12.35 32.54 86.83
The width of PMOS is used as 240 nm and the
width of NMOS is used as 120 nm for CMOS simulation.
The width of PMOS as 360 nm and the
width of NMOS as 120 nm are used for EE-SPFAL
simulation.
Simulations With Different Frequency
We use the trapezoid waveform for the input
to simulate the circuit. The power consumption
and energy consumption by varying the frequency
are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively,
at 10 fF. The results in Tables I and 2 show
that EE-SPFAL-based TCAA is more power and
energy efficient than the EE-SPFAL-based TSAA.
The EE-SPFAL-based TCAA has the lowest power
and energy consumption in comparison with the
EE-SPFAL-based TSAA, CMOS-based AMA,8 and
the CMOS-based approximate mirror adders.9
Table 2. Energy Per Cycle (fJ/cycle) of EE-SPFAL-Based
Proposed Designs and CMOS-Based Adders at Different
Frequencies.
Frequency (MHz) 1
CMOS AMA8
CMOS Apx19
CMOS Apx29
CMOS Apx39
CMOS Apx49
12.5
25
50
12.73 10.93 8.810 7.868
8.991 8.043 6.880 5.598
8.581 8.313 8.304 7.621
5.695 5.558 5.566 5.575
7.558 6.846 6.273 5.916
EE-SPFAL TSAA 0.539 1.006 1.331 1.780
EE-SPFAL TCAA 0.541 0.988 1.301 1.736
The four CMOS-based approximate adders presented
by Gupta et al.9 are represented as CMOS
Apx1, CMOS Apx2, CMOS Apx3, and CMOS
Apx4 in Tables 1 and 2. Compared to the standard
CMOS-based AMA, the EE-SPFAL-based TSAA
achieves power and energy savings of 95.40% and
90.80% at 12.5 MHz. Compared to the standard
CMOS-based AMA, the EE-SPFAL-based TCAA
achieves power and energy savings of 95.48% and
90.96%, respectively. In comparison, TCAA based
on EE-SPFAL yields more savings at a higher frequency
than TSAA based on EE-SPFAL.
Simulations With Different Load Capacitance
We conducted further simulations to test the
drive strengths of the suggested AAAs by adjusting
the load capacitance at 12.5 MHz. Figure 5(a)
and (b) shows that EE-SPFAL-based TCAA is more
Figure 5. Power consumption (W) and energy consumption per cycle (J/cycle) of EE-SPFAL-based TSAA,
EE-SPFAL-based TCAA, and CMOS AMA. (a) Power consumption. (b) Energy consumption/cycle.
January/February 2022
91

IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022

Contents
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - Contents
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 2
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 3
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 4
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 5
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 6
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 7
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 8
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 9
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 10
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 11
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 12
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 13
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 14
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 15
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 16
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 17
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 18
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 19
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 20
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 21
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 22
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 23
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 24
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 25
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 26
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 27
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 28
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 29
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 30
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 31
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 32
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 33
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 34
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 35
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 36
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 37
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 38
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 39
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 40
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 41
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 42
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 43
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 44
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 45
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 46
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 47
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 48
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 49
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 50
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 51
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 52
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 53
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 54
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 55
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 56
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 57
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 58
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 59
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 60
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 61
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 62
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 63
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 64
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 65
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 66
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 67
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 68
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 69
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 70
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 71
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 72
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 73
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 74
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 75
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 76
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 77
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 78
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 79
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 80
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 81
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 82
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 83
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 84
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 85
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 86
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 87
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 88
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 89
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 90
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 91
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 92
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 93
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 94
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 95
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - 96
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2022 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20240102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20231112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20230102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20221112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20220102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20211112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_20210304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202003
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_202001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201811
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201809
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201807
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201805
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_201803
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_july2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_april2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_january2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_october2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_july2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_april2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_january2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_october2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_july2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_april2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/consumerelectronics_january2015
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com