IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - May/June 2022 - 26

Healthcare Technology
path that the virus spreads is via the infected person's
respiratory droplets and aerosols from
cough, sneeze, speak, or even breath.1-3
Nowadays, approximately half a dozen vaccines
have been authorized around the globe;
there are more than 40 COVID-19 vaccine candidates
in trials. Despite these promising vaccine
results, it will take more than 4 years for most
people to access the vaccine all over the world.
Consequently, at this moment, our most effective
weapons against COVID-19 are social distancing,
masks, and hand hygiene.1,4 In addition
to these precautions, one of the oldest and most
effective tools of controlling disease spread,
quarantine, may be applied to a particular individual
or group of people.5 WHO recommends 14
days life-saving home quarantine period must
strictly adhere; however, there are many reports
that the quarantine has been violated. Therefore,
it becomes mandatory to monitor people
during the quarantine period. At this point, consumer
technology can play an active role in monitoring
the quarantine subjects just as in tracing
contact and controlling social distance.6 During
this pandemic, from wearable smart devices to
smartphone applications, many different consumer-technology-based
solutions have been
developed for monitoring health conditions, lowering
hospital visits, monitoring social distancing,
detecting symptoms, etc.7-9
The Internet of Things (IoT) defined as interconnected
smart devices that change data over
a specific network without any human interaction
is one of the key technologies that can be
used to fulfill significant challenges during the
COVID-19 pandemic.10 Because any violation of
home quarantine can cause uncontrolled virus
spreading, an IoT-based quarantine tracking system
could help to monitor individuals who made
close contact with infected people or are ill but
who do not show any symptoms.
In this proposed solution, a system design
that tracks the COVID-19 quarantine subjects
with face recognition based on IoT technology is
presented. The parts of the article are arranged
as follows. The section " Related Work " presents
a detailed literature survey of the existing IoTbased
solutions for COVID-19. The proposed
methodology is explained in the section
" Proposed System. " The conclusions and further
discussions on this study are given in the section
" Conclusion. "
26
RELATED WORK
In the absence of a total vaccination and adequate
treatment, the benefits of public health
measures such as social distancing, personal
hygiene, containment of infected individuals for
preventing COVID-19 transmission cannot be questioned.
Although these measures are effective to
prevent the spread of coronavirus, their significant
effects on people's daily life cannot be ignored; for
example, home quarantine and self-isolation cause
higher anxiety, higher psychosocial distress,
higher loneliness, and lower life satisfaction.11
Considering these psychological consequences
of the quarantine, it seems possible for people
to violate the quarantine to get rid of this situation;
as a matter of fact, various reports have been published
online since the beginning of the outbreak.
Therefore, it has become necessary to track the
individuals under quarantine. Various solutions
have been put forward for this purpose. In a practical
application in Turkey, individuals under quarantine
are checked by authorized personnel at
certain intervals; however, because of requiring
toomany human resources and gaps between control
times, this solution is not an efficient method.
At the same time, authorized persons are at high
risk due to possible interaction with infected people.
Another approach is to track people's location
and health status under self-isolation or home
quarantine via a mobile application that is installed
on users' smartphones, such as Home Quarantine-Poland,
Quarantine-Report Self-Check-
Korea. These apps use global positioning system
(GPS) services to locate the current position of the
smartphone; however, it is not possible to calculate
accurate location indoors due to the insufficient
satellite signal strength. Besides, turning on
the GPS module increases power consumption and
results in a much quicker battery drain, which is
an unwanted situation by the users. Individuals
may also easily violate the quarantine rules by
leaving their mobile phones at home and going outside.
Another alternative approach uses an IoTbased
geofencing algorithm.12 A quarantine subject
uses a Bluetooth wristband that broadcasts its
unique ID to the subject's smartphone. An Android
app that must be installed on the subject's smartphone
collects environmental Wi-Fi and cellular
signals to determine the geofencing. The user's
phone has always to be on state and within the
communication range of the wristband, which
might be a disturbing situation for the user.
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine

IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - May/June 2022

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