IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2022 - 102

Security, Trust and Privacy Solutions for Intelligent Internet of Vehicular Things
Table 1. Comparison of various characteristics of AV, UAV-AV, and AI and blockchain-supported UAV-AV networks.
Features
AV networks
Distribution
Connectivity
QoS
Authentication
Anonymity
Trust
Transparency
Encryption
Attack
detection
Attack
tracking
Resources
Efficiency
Intelligence
Sustainability
Scalability
Autonomy
Point of failure
Management
cost
Optional: centralized or
distributed
Average, with some issues
Basics
Optional depending on the
used protocols
No guarantee inside the
network
Not provided within the
network
Not provided within the
network
Depending on the used
protocols
Complex due to limited
capacities
Complex
Main challenge
Average with various issues
Limited
Average
Very low
Depending on the AV level of
automation
Frequent
Varies depending on
components and system
requirements
Resource Constraints Management
AI and blockchain-based operations require
more resources for both computation and storage
that might surpass the capabilities of normal
UAVs. The limited resources of these highly
mobile UAVs might be insufficient for some applications.
These resources include battery life, storage,
and computation power. These challenges
are traditional with ad hoc networks and IoT; however,
the integration of UAVs and AVs will require
more efficient techniques to process and store
data in the UAVs and share them with other
authorities (depending on the application). To
this end, FL is a distributed learning platform,
which might enable the cars to process the data
102
UAV-supported AV
networks
Optional: centralized or
distributed
Enhanced
Improved link quality
Optional depending on
the used protocols
No guarantee inside the
network
Not provided within the
network
Not provided within the
network
Depending on the used
protocols
Complex due to limited
resources and
capacities
Complex
Main challenge
Average with various
issues
Limited
Average
Low
Depending on UAVsAVs
level of automation
Less frequent
Higher
AI and blockchain basedUAVsupported
AV networks
Distributed
Smart adaptive coverage
Smart adaptive QoS
Required among all the participants
Guaranteed by the blockchain
Provided by the blockchain
Provided By the blockchain
Provided inside the blockchain
Intrusion and attack detection
based smart system
Possible using AI and blockchain
Efficient smart management
Accurate prediction and decision
making with fast transactions
Smart capabilities based on smart
contracts
Very sustainable system
High since blockchain provides a
distributed network environment
Enhanced because of the learning
abilities provided by AI
Rarely because of the
decentralization feature of
blockchain
Less cost, because blockchain
reduces the complex centralized
entities
locally and send only the results to UAVs. Similarly,
it will also preserve privacy. Furthermore,
efficient, lightweight blockchain mechanisms are
also subject of further investigation.
Among the UAV resources, battery life is a common
constraint and a resource that is used by all
the components of UAVs; hence, efficient algorithms
for communication, computation, and storage
should be developed to increase the
operational time of UAVs. Storage also plays a pivotal
role, especially in surveillance applications
where real-time data (that might include highdimensional
data, such as image and video) are
generated with high velocity. In this vein, efficient
learning algorithms and lightweight blockchain
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IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2022

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