IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2022 - 103

Figure 3. AI-powered blockchain in a UAV-AV environment.
solutions are needed. Possible solutions include
federatedanddistributed learning with lightweight
distributed ledger technologies in the IoT environment,
such as IoTA.
Interpretability and Explainability of AI
Most of the AI algorithms are termed as blackbox
models where the output of an AI model is
not understandable by the ordinary user. This
phenomenon may create distrust between the
consumer and AI models, even more in the case
of critical applications and services. For instance,
consider AVs where the lives of the occupants
directly depend on the decision taken as a result
of the output of the AI algorithm. For that reason,
explainability, interpretability, transparency,
and accountability features should be further
investigated to increase its acceptance by consumers.
It is worth mentioning that the eXplainable
AI (XAI) has received ample amount of
attention from the research community and
industry. Therefore, the future of AI in industry
will depend on its transparency and accountability.
We believe that XAI has a lot of potential for
future research in this direction.
November/December 2022
Reliability of Communication Channel
The integration of UAV and AV faces security
problems due to the lack of communication
channel reliability. The heterogeneity of communication
channels between UAVs and AVs makes
the security problem even worse where UAVs
are exposed to both physical and cyber security
threats. In this regard, sharing sensitive data
with UAVs might result in catastrophic consequences
for UAVs and AVs. Therefore, instead of
securing the communication channel between
them, the focus should be on securing the
exchanged data directly. One such solution
might be possible through employing information-centric
networks instead of existing IPbased
networks. Furthermore, new generation
communication, such as B5G networks, should
be further investigated to fulfill the security
requirements of UAV-AV integration.
Operational and Management Complexity
The operation and management of blockchain
and AI independently with the coexistence
concept of AV-UAV is indeed a complex task.
Therefore, it only makes sense that this complexity
would increase significantly when these
103

IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2022

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